Abstract
• Two salt-alkali-tolerant (ST) and two sensitive (SS) wheat genotypes showed contrasting growth and stress responses under sodium sulfate. • ST wheat had higher soluble sugars, proline, and SOD activity, with lower MDA, reflecting better osmotic and oxidative stress management. • Transcriptome–metabolome analysis revealed DEGs and pathways—amino acid metabolism, ABC transporters, and glutathione—underpinning ST tolerance, offering targets for breeding resilient wheat. Wheat production in southern Xinjiang is severely limited by sulfate-dominated saline–alkali soils, which are characterized by high salinity and alkalinity, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying varietal differences in tolerance remain poorly understood. Here, we evaluated 120 wheat varieties under sodium sulfate stress and identified two salt-alkali-tolerant (ST) and two salt-alkali-sensitive (SS) genotypes. Compared with SS wheat, ST wheat maintained higher root and shoot growth, accumulated more soluble sugars and antioxidant enzymes (SOD), and exhibited lower membrane damage (MDA) under stress. Transcriptome analysis revealed that key genes such as P5CS/P5CR, SOS1/NHX1 , ABC transporters, and GSHS/GST were significantly upregulated. Metabolomic profiling demonstrated significant enrichment in pathways associated with ABC transporters (67 metabolites), glutathione metabolism (GSH/GSSG, 47 metabolites), and related amino acid metabolism pathways (48 metabolites). Integrated network analysis revealed that the amino acid metabolism-ion transport-glutathione metabolism module represents the central regulatory network associated with stress tolerance. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms of wheat tolerance to sulfate-type saline-alkali stress and offers candidate genes, metabolites, and physiological traits for marker-assisted selection, germplasm screening, and targeted breeding to improve crop performance in saline-alkali soils.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Two salt-alkali-tolerant and two salt-alkali-sensitive wheat genotypes were identified among 120 varieties under sodium sulfate stress
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume4 - Treatment
- sodium sulfate stresse4
- Outcome
- two salt-alkali-tolerant (ST) and two salt-alkali-sensitive (SS) genotypese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“we evaluated 120 wheat varieties under sodium sulfate stress and identified two salt-alkali-tolerant (ST) and two salt-alkali-sensitive (SS) genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Tolerant wheat maintained higher root and shoot growth than sensitive wheat under sodium sulfate stress
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- ST wheate1
- Treatment
- sodium sulfate stresse4
- Outcome
- root and shoot growthe1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- SS wheate1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared with SS wheat, ST wheat maintained higher root and shoot growth”
e4“we evaluated 120 wheat varieties under sodium sulfate stress and identified two salt-alkali-tolerant (ST) and two salt-alkali-sensitive (SS) genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Tolerant wheat accumulated more soluble sugars and antioxidant enzymes (SOD) than sensitive wheat under sodium sulfate stress
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- ST wheate1
- Treatment
- sodium sulfate stresse4
- Outcome
- soluble sugars and antioxidant enzymes (SOD)e2
- Direction
- moree2
- Comparator
- SS wheate1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared with SS wheat, ST wheat maintained higher root and shoot growth”
e2“accumulated more soluble sugars and antioxidant enzymes (SOD)”
e4“we evaluated 120 wheat varieties under sodium sulfate stress and identified two salt-alkali-tolerant (ST) and two salt-alkali-sensitive (SS) genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Tolerant wheat exhibited lower membrane damage (MDA) than sensitive wheat under sodium sulfate stress
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- ST wheate1
- Treatment
- sodium sulfate stresse4
- Outcome
- membrane damage (MDA)e3
- Direction
- lowere3
- Comparator
- SS wheate1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared with SS wheat, ST wheat maintained higher root and shoot growth”
e3“exhibited lower membrane damage (MDA) under stress”
e4“we evaluated 120 wheat varieties under sodium sulfate stress and identified two salt-alkali-tolerant (ST) and two salt-alkali-sensitive (SS) genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
P5CS/P5CR and SOS1/NHX1 genes were significantly upregulated in wheat under the stress
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Gene
- P5CS/P5CR, SOS1/NHX1e5
- Outcome
- key genese5
- Direction
- upregulatede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared with SS wheat, ST wheat maintained higher root and shoot growth”
e5“Transcriptome analysis revealed that key genes such as P5CS/P5CR, SOS1/NHX1 , ABC transporters, and GSHS/GST were significantly upregulated”
Claim · model-written summary
ABC transporters and GSHS/GST genes were significantly upregulated in wheat under the stress
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Gene
- ABC transporters, and GSHS/GSTe5
- Outcome
- key genese5
- Direction
- upregulatede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared with SS wheat, ST wheat maintained higher root and shoot growth”
e5“Transcriptome analysis revealed that key genes such as P5CS/P5CR, SOS1/NHX1 , ABC transporters, and GSHS/GST were significantly upregulated”
Claim · model-written summary
The ABC transporter pathway was significantly enriched in metabolites (67 metabolites) in wheat under the stress
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- pathways associated with ABC transporterse7
- Value
- 67 metabolitese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared with SS wheat, ST wheat maintained higher root and shoot growth”
e7“significant enrichment in pathways associated with ABC transporters (67 metabolites)”
Claim · model-written summary
The glutathione metabolism pathway was significantly enriched in metabolites (47 metabolites) in wheat under the stress
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- glutathione metabolisme2
- Value
- 47 metabolitese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared with SS wheat, ST wheat maintained higher root and shoot growth”
e2“glutathione metabolism (GSH/GSSG, 47 metabolites)”
Claim · model-written summary
Related amino acid metabolism pathways were significantly enriched in metabolites (48 metabolites) in wheat under the stress
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- related amino acid metabolism pathwayse2
- Value
- 48 metabolitese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared with SS wheat, ST wheat maintained higher root and shoot growth”
e2“related amino acid metabolism pathways (48 metabolites)”
Claim · model-written summary
An amino acid metabolism-ion transport-glutathione metabolism module is the central regulatory network associated with stress tolerance in wheat
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- stress tolerancee2
- Qualifier
- amino acid metabolism-ion transport-glutathione metabolism modulee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared with SS wheat, ST wheat maintained higher root and shoot growth”
e2“the amino acid metabolism-ion transport-glutathione metabolism module represents the central regulatory network associated with stress tolerance”
The same questions in other papers
sodium sulfate · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
sodium sulfate · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.