Abstract
Seed priming with zinc (Zn) and potassium (K) has been suggested to improve plant growth and productivity; however, the same effects have not yet been established when a simultaneous Zn+K solution is applied. This study aimed to determine the effects of priming seed and foliar application with Zn and K solution on seedling growth, yield, and grain Zn concentration in three rice varieties (SPT1, BL and KDK). The study consisted of three independent experiments. In Experiment 1, seed germination and seedling vigour were evaluated after priming rice seeds with a solution of 0.5% ZnSO4, in combination with various concentrations (1–4%) of K, compared with a control of no Zn and K. In Experiment 2, the selected concentrations of K solution combined with Zn (Zn0K0, Zn+K0, Zn0K+ and Zn+K+) were applied for each rice variety to evaluate seedling growth and development at 7 and 21 days. In Experiment 3, foliar application with the same solution as in Experiment 2 was used to evaluate its effect on yield and grain Zn accumulation. Seed priming with Zn combined with K at concentrations of 1%, 3% and 2% resulted in the maximum seedling growth traits in SPT1, BL and KDK respectively. Seed priming with a combination of Zn and K (Zn+K+) markedly increased the dry weight of 7-day-old seedlings, for about 14–15% in SPT1 and BL varieties compared with the unprimed seeds. Moreover, foliar application with Zn+K0 and Zn+K+ increased grain yield by 16–29% in the BL variety, whereas it increased grain Zn concentration in all rice varieties by 18–27% from the control treatment. This study concluded that priming rice seed with a combination of Zn and K can be used to improve seed germination and seedling growth, whereas increasing grain yield and grain Zn concentration requires an additional foliar Zn application.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with Zn combined with K at 1%, 3% and 2% gave the maximum seedling growth traits in SPT1, BL and KDK.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- SPT1, BL and KDKe1
- Treatment
- Seed priming with Zn combined with Ke1
- Outcome
- seedling growth traitse1
- Direction
- maximume1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grain zinc accumulation in rice”
e0“This study aimed to determine the effects of priming seed and foliar application with Zn and K solution on seedling growth, yield, and grain Zn concentration in three rice varieties (SPT1, BL and KDK)”
e1“Seed priming with Zn combined with K at concentrations of 1%, 3% and 2% resulted in the maximum seedling growth traits in SPT1, BL and KDK respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with Zn and K markedly increased the dry weight of 7-day-old seedlings by about 14–15% in SPT1 and BL compared with unprimed seeds.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- SPT1 and BL varietiese2
- Treatment
- Seed priming with a combination of Zn and K (Zn+K+)e2
- Outcome
- dry weight of 7-day-old seedlingse2
- Direction
- markedly increasede2
- Value
- 14–15%e2
- Comparator
- unprimed seedse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grain zinc accumulation in rice”
e2“Seed priming with a combination of Zn and K (Zn+K+) markedly increased the dry weight of 7-day-old seedlings, for about 14–15% in SPT1 and BL varieties compared with the unprimed seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application with Zn+K0 and Zn+K+ increased grain yield by 16–29% in the BL variety.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- BL varietye3
- Treatment
- foliar application with Zn+K0 and Zn+K+e3
- Outcome
- grain yielde3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 16–29%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grain zinc accumulation in rice”
e3“Moreover, foliar application with Zn+K0 and Zn+K+ increased grain yield by 16–29% in the BL variety, whereas it increased grain Zn concentration in all rice varieties by 18–27% from the control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application with Zn+K0 and Zn+K+ increased grain Zn concentration in all rice varieties by 18–27% from the control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- all rice varietiese3
- Treatment
- foliar application with Zn+K0 and Zn+K+e3
- Outcome
- grain Zn concentratione3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 18–27%e3
- Comparator
- control treatmente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grain zinc accumulation in rice”
e3“Moreover, foliar application with Zn+K0 and Zn+K+ increased grain yield by 16–29% in the BL variety, whereas it increased grain Zn concentration in all rice varieties by 18–27% from the control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming rice seed with Zn and K can be used to improve seed germination and seedling growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- seed germination and seedling growthe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grain zinc accumulation in rice”
e4“priming rice seed with a combination of Zn and K can be used to improve seed germination and seedling growth, whereas increasing grain yield and grain Zn concentration requires an additional foliar Zn application”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing grain yield and grain Zn concentration in rice requires an additional foliar Zn application.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- additional foliar Zn applicatione4
- Outcome
- grain yield and grain Zn concentratione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grain zinc accumulation in rice”
e4“priming rice seed with a combination of Zn and K can be used to improve seed germination and seedling growth, whereas increasing grain yield and grain Zn concentration requires an additional foliar Zn application”
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