Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential element involved in human metabolism, which can be supplied by an appropriate diet. Enhancing Zn enrichment in rice grains through agronomic biofortification is advocated as an immediate and effective approach to combat micronutrient malnutrition in hu-man. It has been well-documented that high grain Zn accumulation in rice can be achieved by Zn fertilizers management. This study evaluated the effects of foliar nitrogen (N) and Zn applied at the flowering and milky stages of brown rice plants with and without soil Zn application. A glasshouse pot experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with four replicates. Soil Zn in the form of ZnSO4 was applied at 0 and 50 kg ha−1. Foliar fertilizer of 1% urea along with 0.5% ZnSO4 was applied and assigned as (1) nil foliar N and Zn (N0Zn0), (2) foliar N with nil Zn (N+Zn0), (3) nil foliar N with foliar Zn (N0Zn+), and (4) foliar N and Zn (N+Zn+) at flowering and milky stages. Foliar application of N and Zn increased grain yield and yield components in both soil Zn conditions. Grain Zn concentration in brown rice was the highest when foliar N and Zn were applied under nil soil Zn conditions; however, grain N concentration decreased by 13.1–28.5% with foliar application at flowering and 18.8–28.5% with application at the milky stage. The grain Zn content was increased by foliar application of N0Zn+ and N+Zn+ at flowering and milky stages. Applying foliar N and Zn at flowering or milky stages tended to increase the grain N content when Zn was applied to the soil, while nil soil Zn decreased the N content by 26.8% at flowering and milky stages under N0Zn+. The results suggest that the milky stage is the most suitable for foliar application of Zn for increasing (i) grain yield and (ii) N and Zn concentrations in brown rice without having a dilution effect.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar N and Zn increased grain yield under both soil Zn conditions.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of N and Zn increased grain yield and yield components in both soil Zn conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar N and Zn increased yield components under both soil Zn conditions.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of N and Zn increased grain yield and yield components in both soil Zn conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain Zn concentration was highest after combined foliar N and Zn without soil Zn.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- foliar N and Zne0
- Outcome
- Grain Zn concentratione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- nil soil Zn conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain Zn concentration in brown rice was the highest when foliar N and Zn were applied under nil soil Zn conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application at flowering reduced grain N concentration by 13.1–28.5%.
- Treatment
- foliar application at floweringe0
- Outcome
- grain N concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 13.1–28.5%e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“grain N concentration decreased by 13.1–28.5% with foliar application at flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application at the milky stage reduced grain N concentration by 18.8–28.5%.
Not reportedTaxonComparatorOutcomeDirection
Verbatim
e0“18.8–28.5% with application at the milky stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar N0Zn+ increased grain Zn content at flowering and milky stages.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“grain Zn content was increased by foliar application of N0Zn+ and N+Zn+ at flowering and milky stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar N+Zn+ increased grain Zn content at flowering and milky stages.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“grain Zn content was increased by foliar application of N0Zn+ and N+Zn+ at flowering and milky stages”
Claim · model-written summary
With soil Zn, foliar N and Zn at flowering or milky stage tended to increase grain N content.
- Treatment
- foliar N and Zn at flowering or milky stagese0
- Outcome
- grain N contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- when Zn was applied to the soile0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Applying foliar N and Zn at flowering or milky stages tended to increase the grain N content when Zn was applied to the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Without soil Zn, N0Zn+ decreased grain N content by 26.8% at flowering and milky stages.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“nil soil Zn decreased the N content by 26.8% at flowering and milky stages under N0Zn+”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend foliar Zn at the milky stage to increase grain yield and N and Zn concentrations without dilution.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- foliar application of Zne0
- Outcome
- grain yield and (ii) N and Zn concentrationse0
- Qualifier
- without having a dilution effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the milky stage is the most suitable for foliar application of Zn for increasing (i) grain yield and (ii) N and Zn concentrations in brown rice without having a dilution effect”
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