Abstract
In contrast to most temperate woody species, apple and pear and some other woody species of the Rosaceae family are insensitive to photoperiod, and no alternative environmental seasonal signal is known to control their dormancy. We studied growth and dormancy induction in micropropagated plants of four apple (Malus pumila Mill.) and one pear (Pyrus communis L.) commercial rootstock cultivars in controlled environments. The results confirm that growth cessation and dormancy induction in apple and pear are not influenced by photoperiod, and demonstrate that low temperature (< 12 degrees C) consistently induces both processes, regardless of photoperiodic conditions. Successive stages of the autumn syndrome (growth cessation, formation of bud scales and winter buds, leaf senescence and abscission, and dormancy induction) occurred in response to low temperature. Long days increased internode length at higher temperatures, but had no significant effect on leaf production in any of the cultivars. Chilling at 6 or 9 degrees C for at least 6 weeks (about 1000 h) was required for dormancy release and growth resumption, whereas treatment at 12 degrees C was marginally effective, even after 14 weeks of exposure. We are thus faced with the paradox that the same low temperature conditions that induce dormancy are also required for dormancy release in these species.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Photoperiod did not influence growth cessation or dormancy induction in apple and pear.
- Taxon
- apple and pear
Malus domestica_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=60)
Pyrus communise0 - Treatment
- photoperiode0
- Outcome
- growth cessation and dormancy inductione0
- Direction
- not influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“growth cessation and dormancy induction in apple and pear are not influenced by photoperiod”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature below 12 degrees C induced growth cessation and dormancy regardless of photoperiod.
- Taxon
- apple and pearMalus domesticaPyrus communise1
- Treatment
- low temperature (< 12 degrees C)e0
- Outcome
- growth cessation and dormancy inductione1
- Qualifier
- regardless of photoperiodic conditionse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low temperature (< 12 degrees C) consistently induces both processes, regardless of photoperiodic conditions”
e1“growth cessation and dormancy induction in apple and pear”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth cessation, bud formation, leaf senescence and abscission, and dormancy induction followed low temperature.
- Taxon
- apple and pearMalus domesticaPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- low temperaturee0
- Outcome
- growth cessation, formation of bud scales and winter buds, leaf senescence and abscission, and dormancy inductione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Successive stages of the autumn syndrome (growth cessation, formation of bud scales and winter buds, leaf senescence and abscission, and dormancy induction) occurred in response to low temperature”
t0“apple and pear”
Claim · model-written summary
Long days increased internode length at higher temperatures.
- Taxon
- apple and pearMalus domesticaPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- Long dayse0
- Outcome
- internode lengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- higher temperaturese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Long days increased internode length at higher temperatures”
t0“apple and pear”
Claim · model-written summary
Long days had no significant effect on leaf production in any cultivar.
- Taxon
- apple and pearMalus domesticaPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- Long dayse0
- Outcome
- leaf productione0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
- Qualifier
- any of the cultivarse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Long days increased internode length at higher temperatures, but had no significant effect on leaf production in any of the cultivars”
t0“apple and pear”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling at 6 or 9 degrees C for at least six weeks was required for dormancy release and growth resumption.
- Taxon
- apple and pearMalus domesticaPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- Chilling at 6 or 9 degrees C for at least 6 weeks (about 1000 h)e0
- Outcome
- dormancy release and growth resumptione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chilling at 6 or 9 degrees C for at least 6 weeks (about 1000 h) was required for dormancy release and growth resumption”
t0“apple and pear”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment at 12 degrees C was marginally effective for dormancy release even after 14 weeks.
- Taxon
- apple and pearMalus domesticaPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- treatment at 12 degrees Ce0
- Outcome
- dormancy release and growth resumptione1
- Direction
- marginally effectivee0
- Qualifier
- even after 14 weeks of exposuree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatment at 12 degrees C was marginally effective, even after 14 weeks of exposure”
e1“was required for dormancy release and growth resumption”
t0“apple and pear”
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See all 32 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.