Abstract
The effects of NaCl-induced salinity on biomass allocation, anatomical characteristics of leaves, ion accumulation, salt repellency, and salt secretion ability were investigated in two apple rootstock cultivars (Malus halliana ‘9-1-6’ and Malus baccata), which revealed the physiological adaptive mechanisms of M. halliana ‘9-1-6’ in response to salt stress factors. This experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using a nutrient solution pot. Salt stress was simulated by treating the plants with a 100 mM NaCl solution, while 1/2 Hoagland nutrient solution was used as a control (CK) instead of the NaCl solution. The results showed that the two rootstocks responded to salt environments by increasing the proportion of root biomass allocation. According to the stress susceptibility index, ‘9-1-6’ exhibits a lower salt sensitivity index and a higher salt tolerance index. The thickness of the leaf, upper and lower epidermis, palisade tissue, and mesophyll tissue compactness (CTR) of the two rootstocks were significantly decreased, while the thickness of sponge tissue and mesophyll tissue looseness (SR) were significantly increased, and the range of ‘9-1-6’ was smaller than that of M. baccata. With an extension of stress time, the accumulation of Na+ increased significantly, and the accumulation of K+ decreased gradually. The stem and leaves of ‘9-1-6’ showed a lower accumulation of Na+ and a higher accumulation of K+, and the roots displayed a higher ability to reject Na+, as well as young and old leaves showed a stronger ability to secrete Na+. In conclusion, within a certain salt concentration range, the ‘9-1-6’ root part can maintain lower salt sensitivity and a higher root-to-shoot ratio by increasing the proportion of root biomass allocation; the aerial part responds to salt stress through thicker leaves and a complete double-layer fence structure; the roots and stem bases can effectively reduce the transportation of Na+ to the aerial parts, as well as effectively secrete Na+ from the aerial parts through young and old leaves, thereby maintaining a higher K+/Na+ ratio in the aerial parts, showing a strong salt tolerance.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Both rootstocks allocated a higher proportion of biomass to roots under salt.
- Taxon
- Apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- salt environmentse0
- Outcome
- proportion of root biomass allocatione0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Two Apple Rootstocks”
e0“The results showed that the two rootstocks responded to salt environments by increasing the proportion of root biomass allocation”
Claim · model-written summary
The 9-1-6 rootstock had lower salt sensitivity and higher salt tolerance indexes.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘9-1-6’e0
- Outcome
- salt sensitivity indexe0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Two Apple Rootstocks”
e0“‘9-1-6’ exhibits a lower salt sensitivity index and a higher salt tolerance index”
Claim · model-written summary
The 9-1-6 rootstock had a higher salt tolerance index.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘9-1-6’e0
- Outcome
- salt tolerance indexe0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Two Apple Rootstocks”
e0“‘9-1-6’ exhibits a lower salt sensitivity index and a higher salt tolerance index”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly decreased leaf, epidermis and palisade thickness and mesophyll compactness in both rootstocks.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- salte1
- Outcome
- thickness of the leaf, upper and lower epidermis, palisade tissue, and mesophyll tissue compactness (CTR)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Two Apple Rootstocks”
e0“The thickness of the leaf, upper and lower epidermis, palisade tissue, and mesophyll tissue compactness (CTR) of the two rootstocks were significantly decreased”
e1“salt environments”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly increased sponge tissue thickness and mesophyll looseness in both rootstocks.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- salte1
- Outcome
- thickness of sponge tissue and mesophyll tissue looseness (SR)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Two Apple Rootstocks”
e0“the thickness of sponge tissue and mesophyll tissue looseness (SR) were significantly increased”
e1“salt environments”
Claim · model-written summary
The anatomical change range was smaller in 9-1-6 than M. baccata.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Two Apple Rootstocks”
e0“the range of ‘9-1-6’ was smaller than that of M. baccata”
Claim · model-written summary
Na+ accumulation increased significantly with longer stress duration.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- extension of stress timee0
- Outcome
- accumulation of Na+e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Two Apple Rootstocks”
e0“With an extension of stress time, the accumulation of Na+ increased significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
K+ accumulation gradually decreased with longer stress duration.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- extension of stress timee0
- Outcome
- accumulation of K+e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Two Apple Rootstocks”
e0“With an extension of stress time, the accumulation of Na+ increased significantly, and the accumulation of K+ decreased gradually”
Claim · model-written summary
The 9-1-6 stem and leaves accumulated less Na+.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘9-1-6’e0
- Organ / stage
- stem and leavese0
- Outcome
- accumulation of Na+e0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Two Apple Rootstocks”
e0“The stem and leaves of ‘9-1-6’ showed a lower accumulation of Na+ and a higher accumulation of K+”
Claim · model-written summary
The 9-1-6 stem and leaves accumulated more K+.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘9-1-6’e0
- Organ / stage
- stem and leavese0
- Outcome
- accumulation of K+e0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Two Apple Rootstocks”
e0“The stem and leaves of ‘9-1-6’ showed a lower accumulation of Na+ and a higher accumulation of K+”
Claim · model-written summary
The 9-1-6 roots showed higher Na+ rejection.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- ability to reject Na+e0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Two Apple Rootstocks”
e0“the roots displayed a higher ability to reject Na+”
Claim · model-written summary
Young and old 9-1-6 leaves had stronger Na+ secretion.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- young and old leavese0
- Outcome
- ability to secrete Na+e0
- Direction
- strongere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Two Apple Rootstocks”
e0“young and old leaves showed a stronger ability to secrete Na+”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute 9-1-6 salt tolerance to root allocation and reduced Na+ transport and leaf secretion.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- roots and stem basese0
- Outcome
- strong salt tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- higher K+/Na+ ratio in the aerial partse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Two Apple Rootstocks”
e0“the roots and stem bases can effectively reduce the transportation of Na+ to the aerial parts, as well as effectively secrete Na+ from the aerial parts through young and old leaves, thereby maintaining a higher K+/Na+ ratio in the aerial parts, showing a strong salt tolerance”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.