Abstract
Soil salinization has become significant threat to some regions' apple production. This study aimed to improve the detection and selection process for salt stress tolerance in ‘Balady’ apple (Malus domestica) seedling clones using advanced tissue culture techniques. Open-pollinated mature seeds of the local Egyptian ‘Balady’ apple were collected from a single tree, and then each surface-sterilized seed was cultivated independently and assigned a distinct serial number. After three consecutive subcultures, salt stress was induced by supplementing the proliferation medium with graded NaCl concentrations (0, 1000, 2000, and 3000 ppm). The micro-propagated individuals were not identical according to similarity indices based on Inter Simple Sequence Repeats; the lowest percentage of 84.9% was scored between the mother plant and the MS5 clone. The MS5 clone exhibited superior growth parameters under elevated salinity levels compared to other tested clones, highlighting its resilience and adaptability. The MS5 clone, the most salt-tolerant clone, showed the lowest levels of reduced sugars and total phenols and minimal overall antioxidant activity. However, it demonstrated stimulated enzymatic antioxidant activity at the highest salt concentration. Data from three common differentially expressed genes revealed that protein phosphatases PP2C-77a and ABA-insensitive transcription factor ABI5-5b were downregulated. Also, the serine/threonine-protein kinase SAPK3 was overexpressed in the MS5 genotype under severe salt stress conditions. A unique 290 bp positive marker was identified in the salt-tolerant MS5 clone using the HB12 ISSR primer, providing molecular basis for its tolerance. This study confirmed the viability of in vitro screening for salt-tolerant genotypes within apple seedling populations.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Micropropagated apple individuals varied genetically; mother plant and MS5 clone had the lowest similarity, 84.9%.
- Taxon
- Apple
Malus domesticat0 - Material
- MS5 clonee0
- Outcome
- similarity indicese0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 84.9%e0
- Comparator
- mother plante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The micro-propagated individuals were not identical according to similarity indices based on Inter Simple Sequence Repeats; the lowest percentage of 84.9% was scored between the mother plant and the MS5 clone.”
t0“‘Balady’ Apple (Malus domestica)”
Claim · model-written summary
MS5 had superior growth under elevated salinity compared with other clones.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- MS5 clonee0
- Treatment
- elevated salinity levelse0
- Outcome
- growth parameterse0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- other tested clonese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The MS5 clone exhibited superior growth parameters under elevated salinity levels compared to other tested clones”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
MS5 showed the lowest reduced sugars and total phenols.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- MS5 clonee0
- Outcome
- levels of reduced sugars and total phenolse0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The MS5 clone, the most salt-tolerant clone, showed the lowest levels of reduced sugars and total phenols and minimal overall antioxidant activity.”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
MS5 showed minimal overall antioxidant activity.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- MS5 clonee1
- Outcome
- overall antioxidant activitye0
- Direction
- minimale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“minimal overall antioxidant activity”
e1“The MS5 clone, the most salt-tolerant clone”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
MS5 showed stimulated enzymatic antioxidant activity at the highest salt concentration.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- MS5 clonee1
- Treatment
- highest salt concentratione0
- Outcome
- enzymatic antioxidant activitye0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it demonstrated stimulated enzymatic antioxidant activity at the highest salt concentration”
e1“The MS5 clone, the most salt-tolerant clone”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
PP2C-77a and ABI5-5b were downregulated in MS5.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- MS5e1
- Gene
- PP2C-77a and ABA-insensitive transcription factor ABI5-5be0
- Outcome
- protein phosphatases PP2C-77a and ABA-insensitive transcription factor ABI5-5be0
- Direction
- downregulatede0
- Qualifier
- severe salt stress conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“protein phosphatases PP2C-77a and ABA-insensitive transcription factor ABI5-5b were downregulated”
e1“MS5 genotype under severe salt stress conditions”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
SAPK3 was overexpressed in MS5 under severe salt stress.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- MS5 genotypee0
- Gene
- SAPK3e0
- Outcome
- serine/threonine-protein kinase SAPK3e0
- Direction
- overexpressede0
- Qualifier
- severe salt stress conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the serine/threonine-protein kinase SAPK3 was overexpressed in the MS5 genotype under severe salt stress conditions”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
A unique 290 bp positive marker was identified in salt-tolerant MS5 using HB12 ISSR primer.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- MS5 clonee0
- Outcome
- positive markere0
- Value
- 290 bpe0
- Qualifier
- HB12 ISSR primere0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A unique 290 bp positive marker was identified in the salt-tolerant MS5 clone using the HB12 ISSR primer”
t0“Apple”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro screening was viable for finding salt-tolerant apple seedling genotypes.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- viability of in vitro screening for salt-tolerant genotypese0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study confirmed the viability of in vitro screening for salt-tolerant genotypes within apple seedling populations.”
t0“Apple”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.