Abstract
Abstract The research was carried out in lath house of the Department of Horticulture and Landscaping - College of Agriculture / University of Anbar during two growing season 2021-2022, in order to study the effect of spraying with normal and nano iron on the growth and flowering of petunias. Normal iron was used in concentrations (0, 50 and 100 mg L -1 ), which was represented by (F0, F1 and F2) respectively, while nano iron was sprayed with concentrations (0, 10 and 20 mg L -1 ) and it was represented by (NF0, NF1 and NF2) respectively. A randomized complete block design was used to conduct a factorial experimental (RCBD). The results showed that spraying treatments with normal iron, especially at concentration F2 (100 mg L -1 ) contributed to achieving best results for the characteristics (plant height, number of branches, leaf area, dry weight of the shoot, chlorophyll content of leaves, flowers number, dry weight, flower diameter, number of days until flower wilt) and reached (12.92 cm, 6.39 plant branch -1 , 891.73 cm 2 plant -1 , 6.73 g, 12.98 mg g -1 , 191.20 flower plant -1 , 69.3 g, 9.20 cm, and 7.18 day) respectively. While the spraying with normal iron was not significantly affect carbohydrate content of the leaves. Spraying with nano iron, especially at NF2 concentration (20 mg L -1 ) achieved the highest values for the traits of plant height, number of branches, leaf area, shoot dry weight, chlorophyll content of leaves, carbohydrate content of leaves, flowers number, dry weight of flowers, number of days until flower wilt, and reached 12.67 cm, 52.6 plant branches -1 , 854.43 cm 2 plant -1 , 6.60 g, 12.64 mg g -1 , 07.9%, 182.94 flower plant -1 , 3.32 g, and 6.61 days respectively. While the flower diameter was not significantly affected when spraying with nano iron. On the other hand, the interaction between two study factors showed a significant effect for all the studied traits except for the carbohydrate content of the leaves.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Normal iron at 100 mg/L gave the best plant height, 12.92 cm.
_flowers_in_Westgate_Gardens%2C_Canterbury.jpg?width=60){kind=small}
PetuniaNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_flowers_in_Westgate_Gardens%2C_Canterbury.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the growth and flowering of petunias”
e1“spraying treatments with normal iron, especially at concentration F2 (100 mg L -1 ) contributed to achieving best results for the characteristics (plant height, number of branches, leaf area, dry weight of the shoot, chlorophyll content of leaves, flowers number, dry weight, flower diameter, number of days until flower wilt) and reached (12.92 cm, 6.39 plant branch -1 , 891.73 cm 2 plant -1 , 6.73 g, 12.98 mg g -1 , 191.20 flower plant -1 , 69.3 g, 9.20 cm, and 7.18 day) respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Normal iron at 100 mg/L gave the best number of branches, 6.39 per plant.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth and flowering of petunias”
e1“spraying treatments with normal iron, especially at concentration F2 (100 mg L -1 ) contributed to achieving best results for the characteristics (plant height, number of branches, leaf area, dry weight of the shoot, chlorophyll content of leaves, flowers number, dry weight, flower diameter, number of days until flower wilt) and reached (12.92 cm, 6.39 plant branch -1 , 891.73 cm 2 plant -1 , 6.73 g, 12.98 mg g -1 , 191.20 flower plant -1 , 69.3 g, 9.20 cm, and 7.18 day) respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Normal iron at 100 mg/L gave the best leaf area, 891.73 cm2 per plant.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth and flowering of petunias”
e1“spraying treatments with normal iron, especially at concentration F2 (100 mg L -1 ) contributed to achieving best results for the characteristics (plant height, number of branches, leaf area, dry weight of the shoot, chlorophyll content of leaves, flowers number, dry weight, flower diameter, number of days until flower wilt) and reached (12.92 cm, 6.39 plant branch -1 , 891.73 cm 2 plant -1 , 6.73 g, 12.98 mg g -1 , 191.20 flower plant -1 , 69.3 g, 9.20 cm, and 7.18 day) respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Normal iron at 100 mg/L gave the best shoot dry weight, 6.73 g.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth and flowering of petunias”
e1“spraying treatments with normal iron, especially at concentration F2 (100 mg L -1 ) contributed to achieving best results for the characteristics (plant height, number of branches, leaf area, dry weight of the shoot, chlorophyll content of leaves, flowers number, dry weight, flower diameter, number of days until flower wilt) and reached (12.92 cm, 6.39 plant branch -1 , 891.73 cm 2 plant -1 , 6.73 g, 12.98 mg g -1 , 191.20 flower plant -1 , 69.3 g, 9.20 cm, and 7.18 day) respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Normal iron at 100 mg/L gave the best leaf chlorophyll content, 12.98 mg/g.
- Treatment
- normal irone1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content of leavese1
- Direction
- best resultse1
- Value
- 12.98 mg g -1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth and flowering of petunias”
e1“spraying treatments with normal iron, especially at concentration F2 (100 mg L -1 ) contributed to achieving best results for the characteristics (plant height, number of branches, leaf area, dry weight of the shoot, chlorophyll content of leaves, flowers number, dry weight, flower diameter, number of days until flower wilt) and reached (12.92 cm, 6.39 plant branch -1 , 891.73 cm 2 plant -1 , 6.73 g, 12.98 mg g -1 , 191.20 flower plant -1 , 69.3 g, 9.20 cm, and 7.18 day) respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Normal iron at 100 mg/L gave the best flower number, 191.20 per plant.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth and flowering of petunias”
e1“spraying treatments with normal iron, especially at concentration F2 (100 mg L -1 ) contributed to achieving best results for the characteristics (plant height, number of branches, leaf area, dry weight of the shoot, chlorophyll content of leaves, flowers number, dry weight, flower diameter, number of days until flower wilt) and reached (12.92 cm, 6.39 plant branch -1 , 891.73 cm 2 plant -1 , 6.73 g, 12.98 mg g -1 , 191.20 flower plant -1 , 69.3 g, 9.20 cm, and 7.18 day) respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Normal iron at 100 mg/L gave the best flower dry weight, 69.3 g.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth and flowering of petunias”
e1“spraying treatments with normal iron, especially at concentration F2 (100 mg L -1 ) contributed to achieving best results for the characteristics (plant height, number of branches, leaf area, dry weight of the shoot, chlorophyll content of leaves, flowers number, dry weight, flower diameter, number of days until flower wilt) and reached (12.92 cm, 6.39 plant branch -1 , 891.73 cm 2 plant -1 , 6.73 g, 12.98 mg g -1 , 191.20 flower plant -1 , 69.3 g, 9.20 cm, and 7.18 day) respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Normal iron at 100 mg/L gave the best flower diameter, 9.20 cm.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth and flowering of petunias”
e1“spraying treatments with normal iron, especially at concentration F2 (100 mg L -1 ) contributed to achieving best results for the characteristics (plant height, number of branches, leaf area, dry weight of the shoot, chlorophyll content of leaves, flowers number, dry weight, flower diameter, number of days until flower wilt) and reached (12.92 cm, 6.39 plant branch -1 , 891.73 cm 2 plant -1 , 6.73 g, 12.98 mg g -1 , 191.20 flower plant -1 , 69.3 g, 9.20 cm, and 7.18 day) respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Normal iron at 100 mg/L gave the longest time to flower wilt, 7.18 days.
- Treatment
- normal irone1
- Outcome
- number of days until flower wilte1
- Direction
- best resultse1
- Value
- 7.18 daye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth and flowering of petunias”
e1“spraying treatments with normal iron, especially at concentration F2 (100 mg L -1 ) contributed to achieving best results for the characteristics (plant height, number of branches, leaf area, dry weight of the shoot, chlorophyll content of leaves, flowers number, dry weight, flower diameter, number of days until flower wilt) and reached (12.92 cm, 6.39 plant branch -1 , 891.73 cm 2 plant -1 , 6.73 g, 12.98 mg g -1 , 191.20 flower plant -1 , 69.3 g, 9.20 cm, and 7.18 day) respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano iron at 20 mg/L gave the highest plant height, 12.67 cm.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth and flowering of petunias”
e2“Spraying with nano iron, especially at NF2 concentration (20 mg L -1 ) achieved the highest values for the traits of plant height, number of branches, leaf area, shoot dry weight, chlorophyll content of leaves, carbohydrate content of leaves, flowers number, dry weight of flowers, number of days until flower wilt, and reached 12.67 cm, 52.6 plant branches -1 , 854.43 cm 2 plant -1 , 6.60 g, 12.64 mg g -1 , 07.9%, 182.94 flower plant -1 , 3.32 g, and 6.61 days respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano iron at 20 mg/L gave the highest number of branches, 52.6 per plant.
- Treatment
- nano irone2
- Outcome
- number of branchese2
- Direction
- highest valuese2
- Value
- 52.6 plant branches -1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth and flowering of petunias”
e2“Spraying with nano iron, especially at NF2 concentration (20 mg L -1 ) achieved the highest values for the traits of plant height, number of branches, leaf area, shoot dry weight, chlorophyll content of leaves, carbohydrate content of leaves, flowers number, dry weight of flowers, number of days until flower wilt, and reached 12.67 cm, 52.6 plant branches -1 , 854.43 cm 2 plant -1 , 6.60 g, 12.64 mg g -1 , 07.9%, 182.94 flower plant -1 , 3.32 g, and 6.61 days respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano iron at 20 mg/L gave the highest leaf area, 854.43 cm2 per plant.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth and flowering of petunias”
e2“Spraying with nano iron, especially at NF2 concentration (20 mg L -1 ) achieved the highest values for the traits of plant height, number of branches, leaf area, shoot dry weight, chlorophyll content of leaves, carbohydrate content of leaves, flowers number, dry weight of flowers, number of days until flower wilt, and reached 12.67 cm, 52.6 plant branches -1 , 854.43 cm 2 plant -1 , 6.60 g, 12.64 mg g -1 , 07.9%, 182.94 flower plant -1 , 3.32 g, and 6.61 days respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano iron at 20 mg/L gave the highest shoot dry weight, 6.60 g.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth and flowering of petunias”
e2“Spraying with nano iron, especially at NF2 concentration (20 mg L -1 ) achieved the highest values for the traits of plant height, number of branches, leaf area, shoot dry weight, chlorophyll content of leaves, carbohydrate content of leaves, flowers number, dry weight of flowers, number of days until flower wilt, and reached 12.67 cm, 52.6 plant branches -1 , 854.43 cm 2 plant -1 , 6.60 g, 12.64 mg g -1 , 07.9%, 182.94 flower plant -1 , 3.32 g, and 6.61 days respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano iron at 20 mg/L gave the highest leaf chlorophyll content, 12.64 mg/g.
- Treatment
- nano irone2
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content of leavese2
- Direction
- highest valuese2
- Value
- 12.64 mg g -1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth and flowering of petunias”
e2“Spraying with nano iron, especially at NF2 concentration (20 mg L -1 ) achieved the highest values for the traits of plant height, number of branches, leaf area, shoot dry weight, chlorophyll content of leaves, carbohydrate content of leaves, flowers number, dry weight of flowers, number of days until flower wilt, and reached 12.67 cm, 52.6 plant branches -1 , 854.43 cm 2 plant -1 , 6.60 g, 12.64 mg g -1 , 07.9%, 182.94 flower plant -1 , 3.32 g, and 6.61 days respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano iron at 20 mg/L gave the highest leaf carbohydrate content, 07.9%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth and flowering of petunias”
e2“Spraying with nano iron, especially at NF2 concentration (20 mg L -1 ) achieved the highest values for the traits of plant height, number of branches, leaf area, shoot dry weight, chlorophyll content of leaves, carbohydrate content of leaves, flowers number, dry weight of flowers, number of days until flower wilt, and reached 12.67 cm, 52.6 plant branches -1 , 854.43 cm 2 plant -1 , 6.60 g, 12.64 mg g -1 , 07.9%, 182.94 flower plant -1 , 3.32 g, and 6.61 days respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano iron at 20 mg/L gave the highest flower number, 182.94 per plant.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth and flowering of petunias”
e2“Spraying with nano iron, especially at NF2 concentration (20 mg L -1 ) achieved the highest values for the traits of plant height, number of branches, leaf area, shoot dry weight, chlorophyll content of leaves, carbohydrate content of leaves, flowers number, dry weight of flowers, number of days until flower wilt, and reached 12.67 cm, 52.6 plant branches -1 , 854.43 cm 2 plant -1 , 6.60 g, 12.64 mg g -1 , 07.9%, 182.94 flower plant -1 , 3.32 g, and 6.61 days respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano iron at 20 mg/L gave the highest flower dry weight, 3.32 g.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth and flowering of petunias”
e2“Spraying with nano iron, especially at NF2 concentration (20 mg L -1 ) achieved the highest values for the traits of plant height, number of branches, leaf area, shoot dry weight, chlorophyll content of leaves, carbohydrate content of leaves, flowers number, dry weight of flowers, number of days until flower wilt, and reached 12.67 cm, 52.6 plant branches -1 , 854.43 cm 2 plant -1 , 6.60 g, 12.64 mg g -1 , 07.9%, 182.94 flower plant -1 , 3.32 g, and 6.61 days respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano iron at 20 mg/L gave the highest time to flower wilt, 6.61 days.
- Treatment
- nano irone2
- Outcome
- number of days until flower wilte2
- Direction
- highest valuese2
- Value
- 6.61 dayse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth and flowering of petunias”
e2“Spraying with nano iron, especially at NF2 concentration (20 mg L -1 ) achieved the highest values for the traits of plant height, number of branches, leaf area, shoot dry weight, chlorophyll content of leaves, carbohydrate content of leaves, flowers number, dry weight of flowers, number of days until flower wilt, and reached 12.67 cm, 52.6 plant branches -1 , 854.43 cm 2 plant -1 , 6.60 g, 12.64 mg g -1 , 07.9%, 182.94 flower plant -1 , 3.32 g, and 6.61 days respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Normal iron did not significantly affect leaf carbohydrate content; nano iron did not significantly affect flower diameter.
- Treatment
- normal irone4
- Outcome
- carbohydrate content of the leavese4
- Direction
- not significantly affecte4
- Qualifier
- flower diameter was not significantly affected when spraying with nano irone5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth and flowering of petunias”
e4“the spraying with normal iron was not significantly affect carbohydrate content of the leaves”
e5“the flower diameter was not significantly affected when spraying with nano iron”
Claim · model-written summary
Two study factors (iron form and concentration) interacted significantly for all studied petunia traits except leaf carbohydrate content.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth and flowering of petunias”
e3“the interaction between two study factors showed a significant effect for all the studied traits except for the carbohydrate content of the leaves”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.