Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during 2019-20 and 2020-21 to study the effect of nutrient management and rice establishment methods on biochemical, physiological attributes, yield and economics of rice in rice–groundnut cropping system in coastal Odisha. The experimental field was laid out in factorial randomised block design during Kharif and in split-plot design during Rabi with three replications. Six treatment combinations comprising two rice establishment methods viz., direct seeded rice (DSR) and transplanted rice (TPR) and three nutrient management practices, viz., inorganic source, organic source and integrated nutrient management (INM) in rice during Kharif were allotted to the main-plots. Three nutrient management practices to groundnut viz., 75% soil test based fertiliser, STBF (inorganic), 100% STBF (inorganic) and INM during Rabi were allotted to the sub-plots. The results of the study revealed that DSR recorded significantly higher plant height, tillers m-2, leaf temperature, net returns (Rs. 39121 ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.68). The TPR was superior in terms of total chlorophyll content, dry matter production, panicles m-2, panicle weight, grains panicle-1, 1000-seed weight, leaf area index (LAI), light transmission ratio (LTR), relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) resulting in yield improvement of 3.3% over DSR. The INM practice was superior to other nutrient management approaches in total chlorophyll content, dry matter production and its partitioning into panicle (62.5%), panicles m-2, grains panicle-1, 1000-seed weight, LAI and leaf temperature, which resulted in 13.3 and 15.2% higher grain yield than inorganic and organic source of nutrient management, respectively. The INM treatment also recorded higher plant height, tillers m-2, crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), relative growth rate (RGR), net returns (Rs. 56246 ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.89). Organic sources recorded higher NAR, RGR, panicle weight, but had the lowest dry matter accumulation and net returns.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
DSR gave significantly higher plant height and tiller density.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- DSRe0
- Outcome
- plant height, tillers m-2e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Setting
- coastal Odishat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Rice-Groundnut Cropping System in Coastal Odisha”
e0“DSR recorded significantly higher plant height, tillers m-2, leaf temperature, net returns (Rs. 39121 ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.68).”
Claim · model-written summary
DSR gave significantly higher leaf temperature.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- DSRe0
- Outcome
- leaf temperaturee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Setting
- coastal Odishat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Rice-Groundnut Cropping System in Coastal Odisha”
e0“DSR recorded significantly higher plant height, tillers m-2, leaf temperature, net returns (Rs. 39121 ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.68).”
Claim · model-written summary
DSR gave higher net returns of Rs. 39121 ha-1.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- DSRe0
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- Rs. 39121 ha-1e0
- Setting
- coastal Odishat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Rice-Groundnut Cropping System in Coastal Odisha”
e0“DSR recorded significantly higher plant height, tillers m-2, leaf temperature, net returns (Rs. 39121 ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.68).”
Claim · model-written summary
DSR gave a higher B:C ratio of 1.68.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- DSRe0
- Outcome
- B:C ratioe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.68e0
- Setting
- coastal Odishat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Rice-Groundnut Cropping System in Coastal Odisha”
e0“DSR recorded significantly higher plant height, tillers m-2, leaf temperature, net returns (Rs. 39121 ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.68).”
Claim · model-written summary
TPR improved rice yield by 3.3% over DSR.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- TPRe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Value
- 3.3%e0
- Comparator
- DSRe0
- Setting
- coastal Odishat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Rice-Groundnut Cropping System in Coastal Odisha”
e0“The TPR was superior in terms of total chlorophyll content, dry matter production, panicles m-2, panicle weight, grains panicle-1, 1000-seed weight, leaf area index (LAI), light transmission ratio (LTR), relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) resulting in yield improvement of 3.3% over DSR.”
Claim · model-written summary
TPR was superior in chlorophyll and physiological growth measures.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- TPRe0
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Setting
- coastal Odishat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Rice-Groundnut Cropping System in Coastal Odisha”
e0“The TPR was superior in terms of total chlorophyll content, dry matter production, panicles m-2, panicle weight, grains panicle-1, 1000-seed weight, leaf area index (LAI), light transmission ratio (LTR), relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) resulting in yield improvement of 3.3% over DSR.”
Claim · model-written summary
TPR was superior in dry matter production and panicle traits.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- TPRe0
- Outcome
- dry matter productione0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Setting
- coastal Odishat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Rice-Groundnut Cropping System in Coastal Odisha”
e0“The TPR was superior in terms of total chlorophyll content, dry matter production, panicles m-2, panicle weight, grains panicle-1, 1000-seed weight, leaf area index (LAI), light transmission ratio (LTR), relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) resulting in yield improvement of 3.3% over DSR.”
Claim · model-written summary
TPR was superior in grain and seed traits.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- TPRe0
- Outcome
- grains panicle-1e0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Setting
- coastal Odishat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Rice-Groundnut Cropping System in Coastal Odisha”
e0“The TPR was superior in terms of total chlorophyll content, dry matter production, panicles m-2, panicle weight, grains panicle-1, 1000-seed weight, leaf area index (LAI), light transmission ratio (LTR), relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) resulting in yield improvement of 3.3% over DSR.”
Claim · model-written summary
TPR was superior in leaf area and light transmission.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- TPRe0
- Outcome
- leaf area index (LAI)e0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Setting
- coastal Odishat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Rice-Groundnut Cropping System in Coastal Odisha”
e0“The TPR was superior in terms of total chlorophyll content, dry matter production, panicles m-2, panicle weight, grains panicle-1, 1000-seed weight, leaf area index (LAI), light transmission ratio (LTR), relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) resulting in yield improvement of 3.3% over DSR.”
Claim · model-written summary
INM increased grain yield by 13.3% relative to inorganic nutrient management.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- INMe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 13.3e0
- Comparator
- inorganice0
- Setting
- coastal Odishat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Rice-Groundnut Cropping System in Coastal Odisha”
e0“The INM practice was superior to other nutrient management approaches in total chlorophyll content, dry matter production and its partitioning into panicle (62.5%), panicles m-2, grains panicle-1, 1000-seed weight, LAI and leaf temperature, which resulted in 13.3 and 15.2% higher grain yield than inorganic and organic source of nutrient management, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
INM increased grain yield by 15.2% relative to organic nutrient management.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- INMe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 15.2%e0
- Comparator
- organic source of nutrient managemente0
- Setting
- coastal Odishat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Rice-Groundnut Cropping System in Coastal Odisha”
e0“The INM practice was superior to other nutrient management approaches in total chlorophyll content, dry matter production and its partitioning into panicle (62.5%), panicles m-2, grains panicle-1, 1000-seed weight, LAI and leaf temperature, which resulted in 13.3 and 15.2% higher grain yield than inorganic and organic source of nutrient management, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
INM gave 62.5% dry matter partitioning into panicles.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- INMe0
- Outcome
- partitioning into paniclee0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Value
- 62.5%e0
- Setting
- coastal Odishat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Rice-Groundnut Cropping System in Coastal Odisha”
e0“The INM practice was superior to other nutrient management approaches in total chlorophyll content, dry matter production and its partitioning into panicle (62.5%), panicles m-2, grains panicle-1, 1000-seed weight, LAI and leaf temperature, which resulted in 13.3 and 15.2% higher grain yield than inorganic and organic source of nutrient management, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
INM was superior for chlorophyll content and dry matter production.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- INMe0
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Setting
- coastal Odishat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Rice-Groundnut Cropping System in Coastal Odisha”
e0“The INM practice was superior to other nutrient management approaches in total chlorophyll content, dry matter production and its partitioning into panicle (62.5%), panicles m-2, grains panicle-1, 1000-seed weight, LAI and leaf temperature, which resulted in 13.3 and 15.2% higher grain yield than inorganic and organic source of nutrient management, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
INM was superior for panicle, grain, and seed traits.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- INMe0
- Outcome
- panicles m-2e0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Setting
- coastal Odishat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Rice-Groundnut Cropping System in Coastal Odisha”
e0“The INM practice was superior to other nutrient management approaches in total chlorophyll content, dry matter production and its partitioning into panicle (62.5%), panicles m-2, grains panicle-1, 1000-seed weight, LAI and leaf temperature, which resulted in 13.3 and 15.2% higher grain yield than inorganic and organic source of nutrient management, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
INM was superior for leaf area and leaf temperature.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- INMe0
- Outcome
- LAIe0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Setting
- coastal Odishat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Rice-Groundnut Cropping System in Coastal Odisha”
e0“The INM practice was superior to other nutrient management approaches in total chlorophyll content, dry matter production and its partitioning into panicle (62.5%), panicles m-2, grains panicle-1, 1000-seed weight, LAI and leaf temperature, which resulted in 13.3 and 15.2% higher grain yield than inorganic and organic source of nutrient management, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
INM increased plant height, tillers and growth rates.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- INMe0
- Outcome
- plant height, tillers m-2e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Setting
- coastal Odishat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Rice-Groundnut Cropping System in Coastal Odisha”
e0“The INM treatment also recorded higher plant height, tillers m-2, crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), relative growth rate (RGR), net returns (Rs. 56246 ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.89).”
Claim · model-written summary
INM gave higher net returns of Rs. 56246 ha-1.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- INMe0
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- Rs. 56246 ha-1e0
- Setting
- coastal Odishat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Rice-Groundnut Cropping System in Coastal Odisha”
e0“The INM treatment also recorded higher plant height, tillers m-2, crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), relative growth rate (RGR), net returns (Rs. 56246 ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.89).”
Claim · model-written summary
INM gave a higher B:C ratio of 1.89.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- INMe0
- Outcome
- B:C ratioe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.89e0
- Setting
- coastal Odishat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Rice-Groundnut Cropping System in Coastal Odisha”
e0“The INM treatment also recorded higher plant height, tillers m-2, crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), relative growth rate (RGR), net returns (Rs. 56246 ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.89).”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic sources gave higher NAR, RGR and panicle weight.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Organic sourcese0
- Outcome
- NAR, RGR, panicle weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Setting
- coastal Odishat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Rice-Groundnut Cropping System in Coastal Odisha”
e0“Organic sources recorded higher NAR, RGR, panicle weight, but had the lowest dry matter accumulation and net returns.”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic sources gave the lowest dry matter accumulation and net returns.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Organic sourcese0
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulation and net returnse0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Setting
- coastal Odishat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Rice-Groundnut Cropping System in Coastal Odisha”
e0“Organic sources recorded higher NAR, RGR, panicle weight, but had the lowest dry matter accumulation and net returns.”
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