Abstract
A field experiment was carried out from 2007-08 to 2009-10 at Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh to compare the performance of four crop establishment methods (direct dry seeding by zero till drill, direct seeding of sprouted rice seeds in puddled field by drum seeder, hand transplanting and mechanical transplanting through SPT in rice and four tillage methods (rotavator, conventional sowing, strip and zero till drilling) in wheat on productivity, profitability and energetics of rice (Oryza sativa L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system. Results revealed that hand and mechanical transplanting by SPT of rice (PHB 71) being at par, produced significantly higher grain yield of rice (5.76 and 5.71 tonnes/ha) than direct dry seeding by zero till and direct seeding of sprouted rice by drum seeder under puddled field (3.86 and 4.98 tonnes/ha). However, the use of SPT gave the maximum B:C ratio (2.86) and was significantly superior over hand transplanting (2.58), direct seeding of sprouted rice by drum seeder (2.51) and direct dry seeding by zero till (1.86). In wheat (HD 2733), zero till drill sowing proved most cost effective and recorded markedly higher grain yield (4.05 tonnes/ha), net return (Rupees 44 670/ha ) and B:C ratio (4.19) but statistically at par with conventional sowing than rotavator and strip till. Consequently, among the rice establishment methods hand transplanting produced the maximum system REY (10.2 tonnes/ha/yr) being at par with mechanical transplanting (10.18 tonnes/ha/yr) and both produced significantly higher REY than drum seeder and zero till drill (9.56 and 8.52 tonnes/ha/yr, respectively). In wheat, zero till drill sowing produced the maximum REY (9.92 tonnes/ha/yr) and being comparable to conventional sowing, rotavator and strip till (9.72, 9.52 and 9.30 tonnes/ha/yr, respectively). The similar trend was followed in system productivity of rice and wheat. Moreover, mechanical transplanted rice by SPT (5.62) followed by zero till drill (6.46) sown in wheat gave the highest energy efficiency than other crop establishments methods by ensuring timely and cheap sowing without sacrificing crop yield.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-sa. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Hand transplanting produced 5.76 tonnes/ha rice grain yield, significantly above direct seeding methods and at par with mechanical transplanting.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Material
- PHB 71e0
- Treatment
- hande0
- Outcome
- grain yield of ricee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 5.76 and 5.71 tonnes/hae0
- Comparator
- direct dry seeding by zero till and direct seeding of sprouted rice by drum seedere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that hand and mechanical transplanting by SPT of rice (PHB 71) being at par, produced significantly higher grain yield of rice (5.76 and 5.71 tonnes/ha) than direct dry seeding by zero till and direct seeding of sprouted rice by drum seeder under puddled field (3.86 and 4.98 tonnes/ha).”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) system”
Claim · model-written summary
Mechanical transplanting by SPT produced 5.71 tonnes/ha rice grain yield, significantly above direct seeding methods.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- PHB 71e0
- Treatment
- mechanical transplanting by SPTe0
- Outcome
- grain yield of ricee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 5.71 tonnes/hae0
- Comparator
- direct dry seeding by zero till and direct seeding of sprouted rice by drum seedere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that hand and mechanical transplanting by SPT of rice (PHB 71) being at par, produced significantly higher grain yield of rice (5.76 and 5.71 tonnes/ha) than direct dry seeding by zero till and direct seeding of sprouted rice by drum seeder under puddled field (3.86 and 4.98 tonnes/ha).”
Claim · model-written summary
SPT had the maximum B:C ratio of 2.86 and exceeded the other rice establishment methods.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- SPTe0
- Outcome
- B:C ratioe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 2.86e0
- Comparator
- hand transplantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, the use of SPT gave the maximum B:C ratio (2.86) and was significantly superior over hand transplanting (2.58), direct seeding of sprouted rice by drum seeder (2.51) and direct dry seeding by zero till (1.86).”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) system”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero till drill wheat sowing had higher grain yield of 4.05 tonnes/ha than rotavator and strip till.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Material
- HD 2733e0
- Treatment
- zero till drill sowinge0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 4.05 tonnes/hae0
- Comparator
- rotavator and strip tille0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In wheat (HD 2733), zero till drill sowing proved most cost effective and recorded markedly higher grain yield (4.05 tonnes/ha), net return (Rupees 44 670/ha ) and B:C ratio (4.19) but statistically at par with conventional sowing than rotavator and strip till.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero till drill wheat sowing had higher net return of Rupees 44 670/ha than rotavator and strip till.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- zero till drill sowinge0
- Outcome
- net returne0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- Rupees 44 670/hae0
- Comparator
- rotavator and strip tille0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In wheat (HD 2733), zero till drill sowing proved most cost effective and recorded markedly higher grain yield (4.05 tonnes/ha), net return (Rupees 44 670/ha ) and B:C ratio (4.19) but statistically at par with conventional sowing than rotavator and strip till.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero till drill wheat sowing had a higher B:C ratio of 4.19 than rotavator and strip till.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- zero till drill sowinge0
- Outcome
- B:C ratioe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 4.19e0
- Comparator
- rotavator and strip tille0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In wheat (HD 2733), zero till drill sowing proved most cost effective and recorded markedly higher grain yield (4.05 tonnes/ha), net return (Rupees 44 670/ha ) and B:C ratio (4.19) but statistically at par with conventional sowing than rotavator and strip till.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand transplanting gave maximum system REY of 10.2 tonnes/ha/yr, at par with mechanical transplanting and higher than drum seeder and zero till drill.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- hand transplantinge0
- Outcome
- system REYe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 10.2 tonnes/ha/yre0
- Comparator
- drum seeder and zero till drille0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Consequently, among the rice establishment methods hand transplanting produced the maximum system REY (10.2 tonnes/ha/yr) being at par with mechanical transplanting (10.18 tonnes/ha/yr) and both produced significantly higher REY than drum seeder and zero till drill (9.56 and 8.52 tonnes/ha/yr, respectively).”
Claim · model-written summary
Mechanical transplanting gave 10.18 tonnes/ha/yr system REY, higher than drum seeder and zero till drill.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- mechanical transplantinge0
- Outcome
- system REYe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 10.18 tonnes/ha/yre0
- Comparator
- drum seeder and zero till drille0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Consequently, among the rice establishment methods hand transplanting produced the maximum system REY (10.2 tonnes/ha/yr) being at par with mechanical transplanting (10.18 tonnes/ha/yr) and both produced significantly higher REY than drum seeder and zero till drill (9.56 and 8.52 tonnes/ha/yr, respectively).”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero till drill wheat sowing produced maximum REY of 9.92 tonnes/ha/yr, comparable with conventional, rotavator and strip till sowing.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- zero till drill sowinge0
- Outcome
- REYe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 9.92 tonnes/ha/yre0
- Comparator
- conventional sowing, rotavator and strip tille0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In wheat, zero till drill sowing produced the maximum REY (9.92 tonnes/ha/yr) and being comparable to conventional sowing, rotavator and strip till (9.72, 9.52 and 9.30 tonnes/ha/yr, respectively).”
Claim · model-written summary
System productivity followed the same method trend as REY.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- system productivity of rice and wheate0
- Direction
- similar trende0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The similar trend was followed in system productivity of rice and wheat.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) system”
Claim · model-written summary
Mechanical rice transplanting by SPT yielded the highest energy efficiency among rice methods.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- mechanical transplanted rice by SPTe0
- Outcome
- energy efficiencye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 5.62e0
- Comparator
- other crop establishments methodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, mechanical transplanted rice by SPT (5.62) followed by zero till drill (6.46) sown in wheat gave the highest energy efficiency than other crop establishments methods by ensuring timely and cheap sowing without sacrificing crop yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero till drill sowing yielded the highest energy efficiency among wheat methods.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- zero till drille0
- Outcome
- energy efficiencye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 6.46e0
- Comparator
- other crop establishments methodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, mechanical transplanted rice by SPT (5.62) followed by zero till drill (6.46) sown in wheat gave the highest energy efficiency than other crop establishments methods by ensuring timely and cheap sowing without sacrificing crop yield.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum) system”
The same questions in other papers
transplanting · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
128 papers in the same direction as this paper · 35 in the opposite direction · 12 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
172 papers more in this group
See all 176 papers →transplanting · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
921 papers in the same direction as this paper · 132 in the opposite direction · 24 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- positive
1,074 papers more in this group
See all 1,078 papers →tillage · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1,115 papers in the same direction as this paper · 257 in the opposite direction · 41 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
1,410 papers more in this group
See all 1,414 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.