Abstract
Abstract Water scarcity is known to be a strong limiting factor affecting maize grown and yield in cold semi‐arid regions. Numerous studies have shown that rehydration improves maize growth. Our study aimed to explore the effects of rehydration treatments on maize growth and yield under water and nitrogen stress during different growth stages. We selected the drought‐tolerant maize variety Nendan 19 (ND19) and subjected it to water stress during the V6 (sixth‐leaf), R2 (filling) and R6 (maturity) growth stages and a rehydration treatment after each stress stage. Our results indicated that N1 (N100 kg N ha −1 ) and N3 (N300 kg N ha −1 ) treatments significantly increased the leaf moisture status relative to water content (RWC), bound water content (BWC), free water content (FWC) and water potential (WP)) at different growth stages. Similar trends were observed in the accumulation of plant leaf and root hormones (zeatin+zeatin riboside, indole‐3‐acetic acid, abscisic acid and gibberellic acid), photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence. However, under the same water stress conditions, they decreased as the N rate increased and reached a minimum value in the S3 (water stress for N3) treatments. In addition, with growth stage advancement and extension of the rehydration time, both showed a gradual upward trend. The results showed that to save water resources in the cold semi‐arid region, rehydration treatments (R2S1 and R2S3) significantly increased the photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, leaf moisture status, biomass, 100‐grain weight, hormone content, ear characteristics and grain yield of maize.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
N100 and N300 nitrogen treatments significantly increased leaf relative water content, bound water content and free water content of maize at different growth stages.
- Material
- Nendan 19e2
- Treatment
- N1 (N100 kg N ha −1 ) and N3 (N300 kg N ha −1 )e1
- Outcome
- water content (RWC), bound water content (BWC), free water content (FWC)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- at different growth stagese1
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yield of maize”
e1“N1 (N100 kg N ha −1 ) and N3 (N300 kg N ha −1 ) treatments significantly increased the leaf moisture status relative to water content (RWC), bound water content (BWC), free water content (FWC) and water potential (WP)) at different growth stages”
e2“We selected the drought‐tolerant maize variety Nendan 19 (ND19)”
Claim · model-written summary
N100 and N300 nitrogen treatments significantly increased leaf water potential of maize at different growth stages.
- Material
- Nendan 19e2
- Treatment
- N1 (N100 kg N ha −1 ) and N3 (N300 kg N ha −1 )e1
- Outcome
- water potential (WP)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- at different growth stagese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yield of maize”
e1“N1 (N100 kg N ha −1 ) and N3 (N300 kg N ha −1 ) treatments significantly increased the leaf moisture status relative to water content (RWC), bound water content (BWC), free water content (FWC) and water potential (WP)) at different growth stages”
e2“We selected the drought‐tolerant maize variety Nendan 19 (ND19)”
Claim · model-written summary
N100 and N300 nitrogen treatments showed a similar increasing trend in leaf and root hormone accumulation in maize.
- Material
- Nendan 19e2
- Treatment
- N1 (N100 kg N ha −1 ) and N3 (N300 kg N ha −1 )e1
- Outcome
- accumulation of plant leaf and root hormonese3
- Direction
- increaseinferrede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yield of maize”
e1“N1 (N100 kg N ha −1 ) and N3 (N300 kg N ha −1 ) treatments significantly increased the leaf moisture status relative to water content (RWC), bound water content (BWC), free water content (FWC) and water potential (WP)) at different growth stages”
e2“We selected the drought‐tolerant maize variety Nendan 19 (ND19)”
e3“Similar trends were observed in the accumulation of plant leaf and root hormones (zeatin+zeatin riboside, indole‐3‐acetic acid, abscisic acid and gibberellic acid), photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence”
Claim · model-written summary
N100 and N300 nitrogen treatments showed a similar increasing trend in photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence of maize.
- Material
- Nendan 19e2
- Treatment
- N1 (N100 kg N ha −1 ) and N3 (N300 kg N ha −1 )e1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescencee3
- Direction
- increaseinferrede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yield of maize”
e1“N1 (N100 kg N ha −1 ) and N3 (N300 kg N ha −1 ) treatments significantly increased the leaf moisture status relative to water content (RWC), bound water content (BWC), free water content (FWC) and water potential (WP)) at different growth stages”
e2“We selected the drought‐tolerant maize variety Nendan 19 (ND19)”
e3“Similar trends were observed in the accumulation of plant leaf and root hormones (zeatin+zeatin riboside, indole‐3‐acetic acid, abscisic acid and gibberellic acid), photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence”
Claim · model-written summary
Under the same water stress, hormone accumulation in maize decreased as the N rate increased.
- Treatment
- N ratee4
- Outcome
- accumulation of plant leaf and root hormonese3
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Qualifier
- under the same water stress conditionse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yield of maize”
e3“Similar trends were observed in the accumulation of plant leaf and root hormones (zeatin+zeatin riboside, indole‐3‐acetic acid, abscisic acid and gibberellic acid), photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence”
e4“However, under the same water stress conditions, they decreased as the N rate increased and reached a minimum value in the S3 (water stress for N3) treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Under the same water stress, photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence of maize decreased as the N rate increased.
- Treatment
- N ratee4
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescencee3
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Qualifier
- under the same water stress conditionse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yield of maize”
e3“Similar trends were observed in the accumulation of plant leaf and root hormones (zeatin+zeatin riboside, indole‐3‐acetic acid, abscisic acid and gibberellic acid), photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence”
e4“However, under the same water stress conditions, they decreased as the N rate increased and reached a minimum value in the S3 (water stress for N3) treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Under the same water stress, the decreasing variables of maize reached their minimum value in the S3 (water stress for N3) treatments.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yield of maize”
e4“However, under the same water stress conditions, they decreased as the N rate increased and reached a minimum value in the S3 (water stress for N3) treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
With growth stage advancement and longer rehydration time, both measured variables of maize showed a gradual upward trend.
- Outcome
- gradual upward trende5
- Qualifier
- with growth stage advancement and extension of the rehydration timee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yield of maize”
e5“with growth stage advancement and extension of the rehydration time, both showed a gradual upward trend”
Claim · model-written summary
Rehydration treatments R2S1 and R2S3 significantly increased photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of maize in the cold semi‐arid region.
- Material
- Nendan 19e2
- Treatment
- rehydration treatments (R2S1 and R2S3)e6
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence parameterse6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Setting
- cold semi‐arid regione6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yield of maize”
e2“We selected the drought‐tolerant maize variety Nendan 19 (ND19)”
e6“to save water resources in the cold semi‐arid region, rehydration treatments (R2S1 and R2S3) significantly increased the photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, leaf moisture status, biomass, 100‐grain weight, hormone content, ear characteristics and grain yield of maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Rehydration treatments R2S1 and R2S3 significantly increased leaf moisture status, biomass and 100-grain weight of maize in the cold semi‐arid region.
- Material
- Nendan 19e2
- Treatment
- rehydration treatments (R2S1 and R2S3)e6
- Outcome
- leaf moisture status, biomass, 100‐grain weighte6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Setting
- cold semi‐arid regione6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yield of maize”
e2“We selected the drought‐tolerant maize variety Nendan 19 (ND19)”
e6“to save water resources in the cold semi‐arid region, rehydration treatments (R2S1 and R2S3) significantly increased the photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, leaf moisture status, biomass, 100‐grain weight, hormone content, ear characteristics and grain yield of maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Rehydration treatments R2S1 and R2S3 significantly increased hormone content, ear characteristics and grain yield of maize in the cold semi‐arid region.
- Material
- Nendan 19e2
- Treatment
- rehydration treatments (R2S1 and R2S3)e6
- Outcome
- hormone content, ear characteristics and grain yielde6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Setting
- cold semi‐arid regione6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yield of maize”
e2“We selected the drought‐tolerant maize variety Nendan 19 (ND19)”
e6“to save water resources in the cold semi‐arid region, rehydration treatments (R2S1 and R2S3) significantly increased the photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, leaf moisture status, biomass, 100‐grain weight, hormone content, ear characteristics and grain yield of maize”
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