Abstract
The field experiments were conducted during July to October, 2017, 2018 and 2019 in split plot design was laid out at Zonal Research Station farm, Chianki, Palamu, Jharkhand, India. The cultural practices included two factors i.e. the first factor included conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), raised bed sowing (RBS), the second factor included without mulch (WM), farm waste mulch (FWM), polythene mulch (PM), soil mulch (SM). The rain water use efficiency was higher in raised bed sowing+polythene mulch (5.71 kg ha-1 mm-1) than the other treatments but it was lowest in MT+WM (2.96 kg ha-1 mm-1) over the three years. The high water use efficiency in the year 2019 (5.71 kg ha-1 mm-1) influences the maximum growth and yield (5,169 kg ha-1)of the crop followed by 2018 (4.74 kg ha-1 mm-1) but the minimum yield was found under minimum tillage without mulch in every year. This higher growth leads to higher stover yield and plastic mulch prevents the weeding cost which finally improved the B:C ratio (1.97) by reducing cost of cultivation and improving net return. In conclusion, minimum tillage without mulch is not recommended under dryland condition but raise bed sowing with plastic mulch is a suitable practice among all practices. This shows that raised bed practice prevent the maize crop from excess water condition and plastic mulching is helpful in increasing water use efficiency, controlling weed and maintaining temperature near root zone but no mulch condition degrade the fertile layer of soil by erosion.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Raised bed sowing with polythene mulch had higher rain water use efficiency than other treatments, at 5.71 kg ha-1 mm-1.
- Treatment
- raised bed sowing+polythene mulche0
- Outcome
- rain water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 5.71 kg ha-1 mm-1e0
- Comparator
- the other treatmentse0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rain water use efficiency was higher in raised bed sowing+polythene mulch (5.71 kg ha-1 mm-1) than the other treatments but it was lowest in MT+WM (2.96 kg ha-1 mm-1) over the three years.”
t0“Maize Crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum tillage without mulch had the lowest rain water use efficiency, at 2.96 kg ha-1 mm-1.
- Treatment
- MT+WMe0
- Outcome
- rain water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 2.96 kg ha-1 mm-1e0
- Comparator
- the other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rain water use efficiency was higher in raised bed sowing+polythene mulch (5.71 kg ha-1 mm-1) than the other treatments but it was lowest in MT+WM (2.96 kg ha-1 mm-1) over the three years.”
t0“Maize Crops”
Claim · model-written summary
The 2019 crop had maximum yield of 5,169 kg ha-1 alongside high water use efficiency.
- Outcome
- maximum growth and yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 5,169 kg ha-1e0
- Comparator
- 2018e0
- Setting
- 2019e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The high water use efficiency in the year 2019 (5.71 kg ha-1 mm-1) influences the maximum growth and yield (5,169 kg ha-1)of the crop followed by 2018 (4.74 kg ha-1 mm-1) but the minimum yield was found under minimum tillage without mulch in every year.”
t0“Maize Crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum tillage without mulch had the minimum yield each year.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The high water use efficiency in the year 2019 (5.71 kg ha-1 mm-1) influences the maximum growth and yield (5,169 kg ha-1)of the crop followed by 2018 (4.74 kg ha-1 mm-1) but the minimum yield was found under minimum tillage without mulch in every year.”
t0“Maize Crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher growth was associated with higher stover yield.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This higher growth leads to higher stover yield and plastic mulch prevents the weeding cost which finally improved the B:C ratio (1.97) by reducing cost of cultivation and improving net return.”
t0“Maize Crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Plastic mulch prevented weeding cost.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This higher growth leads to higher stover yield and plastic mulch prevents the weeding cost which finally improved the B:C ratio (1.97) by reducing cost of cultivation and improving net return.”
t0“Maize Crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Plastic mulch improved the benefit to cost ratio to 1.97.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This higher growth leads to higher stover yield and plastic mulch prevents the weeding cost which finally improved the B:C ratio (1.97) by reducing cost of cultivation and improving net return.”
t0“Maize Crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Plastic mulch reduced cultivation cost and improved net return.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This higher growth leads to higher stover yield and plastic mulch prevents the weeding cost which finally improved the B:C ratio (1.97) by reducing cost of cultivation and improving net return.”
t0“Maize Crops”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors do not recommend minimum tillage without mulch under dryland conditions.
- Outcome
- minimum tillage without mulch is not recommended under dryland conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In conclusion, minimum tillage without mulch is not recommended under dryland condition but raise bed sowing with plastic mulch is a suitable practice among all practices.”
t0“Maize Crops”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend raised bed sowing with plastic mulch among the tested practices.
- Outcome
- raise bed sowing with plastic mulch is a suitable practice among all practicese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In conclusion, minimum tillage without mulch is not recommended under dryland condition but raise bed sowing with plastic mulch is a suitable practice among all practices.”
t0“Maize Crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Raised beds protected maize from excess water conditions.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This shows that raised bed practice prevent the maize crop from excess water condition and plastic mulching is helpful in increasing water use efficiency, controlling weed and maintaining temperature near root zone but no mulch condition degrade the fertile layer of soil by erosion.”
Claim · model-written summary
Plastic mulch increased water use efficiency.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This shows that raised bed practice prevent the maize crop from excess water condition and plastic mulching is helpful in increasing water use efficiency, controlling weed and maintaining temperature near root zone but no mulch condition degrade the fertile layer of soil by erosion.”
Claim · model-written summary
Plastic mulch helped control weeds.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This shows that raised bed practice prevent the maize crop from excess water condition and plastic mulching is helpful in increasing water use efficiency, controlling weed and maintaining temperature near root zone but no mulch condition degrade the fertile layer of soil by erosion.”
Claim · model-written summary
Plastic mulch maintained temperature near the root zone.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This shows that raised bed practice prevent the maize crop from excess water condition and plastic mulching is helpful in increasing water use efficiency, controlling weed and maintaining temperature near root zone but no mulch condition degrade the fertile layer of soil by erosion.”
Claim · model-written summary
Absence of mulch degraded the fertile soil layer by erosion.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This shows that raised bed practice prevent the maize crop from excess water condition and plastic mulching is helpful in increasing water use efficiency, controlling weed and maintaining temperature near root zone but no mulch condition degrade the fertile layer of soil by erosion.”
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