Abstract
Sixteen winter annual cover crop cultivars were grown in North Carolina to determine total N accumulation, biological N fixation (BNF) potential, and compatibility with a roller‐crimper‐terminated organic corn ( Zea mays L.) production system. Cover crops and termination dates were tested in a stripped block design. Treatments included hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa Roth), common vetch ( Vicia sativa L.), crimson clover ( Trifolium incarnatum L.), Austrian winter pea ( Pisum sativum L.), berseem clover ( Trifolium alexandrinum L.), subterranean clover ( Trifolium subterraneum L.), narrow leaf lupin ( Lupinus angustifolius L.), and Balansa clover ( Trifolium michelianum Savi.), as well as bicultures of rye ( Secale cereale L.), hairy vetch, and Austrian winter pea. Roller‐crimper termination occurred in mid‐April, early May, and mid‐May. Total biomass, N concentration, and C/N ratios were determined for cover crops at all roll times and natural 15 N abundance at the optimal kill date. Hairy vetch and crimson clover monocultures had the greatest overall biomass in 2009, and bicultures the greatest biomass in 2010. Crimson clover successfully terminated in late April, hairy vetch and Austrian winter pea in mid‐May, and berseem clover and common vetch in late May. All cover crops except lupin and subterranean clover derived between 70 and 100% of their N from the atmosphere. Corn response to cover crop mulches was significantly affected by the time of rolling, with poor stands resulting from competition with insufficiently terminated mulches. Crimson, Balansa, and subterranean clover mulches resulted in poor corn yields despite relatively high levels of total N. The highest corn yields were achieved in hairy vetch and rye plus hairy vetch bicultures.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Hairy vetch and crimson clover monocultures had the greatest biomass in 2009.
Verbatim
e0“Hairy vetch and crimson clover monocultures had the greatest overall biomass in 2009, and bicultures the greatest biomass in 2010.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crop bicultures had the greatest biomass in 2010.
Verbatim
e0“Hairy vetch and crimson clover monocultures had the greatest overall biomass in 2009, and bicultures the greatest biomass in 2010.”
Claim · model-written summary
Crimson clover terminated in late April.
Verbatim
e0“Crimson clover successfully terminated in late April, hairy vetch and Austrian winter pea in mid‐May, and berseem clover and common vetch in late May.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hairy vetch and Austrian winter pea terminated in mid-May.
Verbatim
e0“Crimson clover successfully terminated in late April, hairy vetch and Austrian winter pea in mid‐May, and berseem clover and common vetch in late May.”
Claim · model-written summary
Berseem clover and common vetch terminated in late May.
Verbatim
e0“Crimson clover successfully terminated in late April, hairy vetch and Austrian winter pea in mid‐May, and berseem clover and common vetch in late May.”
Claim · model-written summary
Except for lupin and subterranean clover, cover crops derived 70–100% of nitrogen from atmosphere.
Verbatim
e0“All cover crops except lupin and subterranean clover derived between 70 and 100% of their N from the atmosphere.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rolling time significantly affected corn response to cover crop mulches and inadequate termination produced poor stands.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- time of rollinge0
- Outcome
- poor standse0
- Direction
- poore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn response to cover crop mulches was significantly affected by the time of rolling, with poor stands resulting from competition with insufficiently terminated mulches.”
Claim · model-written summary
Crimson, Balansa, and subterranean clover mulches produced poor corn yields despite high nitrogen.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Crimson, Balansa, and subterranean clover mulchese0
- Outcome
- corn yieldse0
- Direction
- poore0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crimson, Balansa, and subterranean clover mulches resulted in poor corn yields despite relatively high levels of total N.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hairy vetch and rye plus hairy vetch bicultures achieved the highest corn yields.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- hairy vetch and rye plus hairy vetch biculturese0
- Outcome
- corn yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest corn yields were achieved in hairy vetch and rye plus hairy vetch bicultures.”
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See all 364 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.