Response of kharif maize under different mulching and integrated nutrient management practices in eastern region of Uttar Pradesh

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted in a split-plot design during the kharif seasons of 2017 at Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, to evaluate the relative performance of different mulching, viz. M1:control (no mulch), M2:dust mulch and M3:rice straw mulch and integrated nutrient management include S1:100% RDF, S2:75% RDF + 25% N through poultry manure, S3: 100% RDF + 25% N through poultry manure, S4: 75% RDF + 25% N through FYM and S5: 100% RDF + 25% N through FYM on growth and yield kharif maize (Zea maize L.). The recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) for rice was 120, 60 and 60 kg ha-1 of N, P2O5 and K2O respectively. Various growth parameters and yield of maize showed significant variation under different mulching and integrated nutrient management practices. Among the mulching treatments, dust mulch significantly recorded number of leafs, plant height (cm), leaf area index at 75 DAS, chlorophyll content at 75 DAS (spad value), grain yield (q ha-1) and stover yield (q ha-1) of maize over control (no mulch) and it were at par with the rice straw mulch, respectively. Applications of integrated nutrient management practices were positively correlated with various growth parameters and yield of kharif maize . Among the integrated nutrient management, application of S3: 100% RDF + 25% N through poultry manure recorded significantly highest number of leafs, plant height (cm), leaf area index at 75 DAS, chlorophyll content at 75 DAS (spad value), grain yield (q ha-1) and stover yield (q ha-1) as compared to S2:75% RDF + 25% N through poultry manure, S4: 75% RDF + 25% N through FYM and S5:100% RDF and it were at par with S5: 100% RDF + 25% N through FYM, respectively

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Claims 10

Observationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Growth and yield varied significantly across mulch and nutrient treatments.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Outcome: growth parameters and yielde0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Zea mays* · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0
“Various growth parameters and yield of maize showed significant variation under different mulching and integrated nutrient management practices.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 616–760 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Dust mulch increased maize leaf number, height and leaf area index relative to no mulch.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Treatment: dust mulche0
Outcome: number of leafs, plant height (cm), leaf area index at 75 DASe0
Direction: increaseinferrede0
Comparator: control (no mulch)e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“dust mulch significantly recorded number of leafs, plant height (cm), leaf area index at 75 DAS, chlorophyll content at 75 DAS (spad value), grain yield (q ha-1) and stover yield (q ha-1) of maize over control (no mulch)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 792–1012 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Dust mulch increased maize chlorophyll content relative to no mulch.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Treatment: dust mulche0
Outcome: chlorophyll content at 75 DAS (spad value)e0
Direction: increaseinferrede0
Comparator: control (no mulch)e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“dust mulch significantly recorded number of leafs, plant height (cm), leaf area index at 75 DAS, chlorophyll content at 75 DAS (spad value), grain yield (q ha-1) and stover yield (q ha-1) of maize over control (no mulch)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 792–1012 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Dust mulch increased maize grain and stover yield relative to no mulch.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Treatment: dust mulche0
Outcome: grain yield (q ha-1) and stover yield (q ha-1)e0
Direction: increaseinferrede0
Comparator: control (no mulch)e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“dust mulch significantly recorded number of leafs, plant height (cm), leaf area index at 75 DAS, chlorophyll content at 75 DAS (spad value), grain yield (q ha-1) and stover yield (q ha-1) of maize over control (no mulch)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 792–1012 · show in text ↑

Observationobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Dust mulch and rice straw mulch were statistically comparable for the listed maize outcomes.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse1
Treatment: rice straw mulche0
Outcome: number of leafs, plant height (cm), leaf area index at 75 DASe1
Direction: at pare0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“it were at par with the rice straw mulch”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1017–1057 · show in text ↑

e1
“number of leafs, plant height (cm), leaf area index at 75 DAS, chlorophyll content at 75 DAS (spad value), grain yield (q ha-1) and stover yield (q ha-1) of maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 826–988 · show in text ↑

Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Integrated nutrient management was positively correlated with maize growth and yield.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Treatment: integrated nutrient management practicese0
Outcome: various growth parameters and yielde0
Direction: positively correlatede0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Applications of integrated nutrient management practices were positively correlated with various growth parameters and yield of kharif maize.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1073–1214 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

S3 gave the highest maize leaf number, height and leaf area index versus S2, S4 and S5.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse1
Treatment: S3: 100% RDF + 25% N through poultry manuree0
Outcome: number of leafs, plant height (cm), leaf area index at 75 DASe0
Direction: higheste0
Comparator: S2:75% RDF + 25% N through poultry manure, S4: 75% RDF + 25% N through FYM and S5:100% RDFe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“application of S3: 100% RDF + 25% N through poultry manure recorded significantly highest number of leafs, plant height (cm), leaf area index at 75 DAS, chlorophyll content at 75 DAS (spad value), grain yield (q ha-1) and stover yield (q ha-1) as compared to S2:75% RDF + 25% N through poultry manure, S4: 75% RDF + 25% N through FYM and S5:100% RDF”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1257–1606 · show in text ↑

e1
“yield of kharif maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1192–1213 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

S3 gave the highest maize chlorophyll content versus S2, S4 and S5.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse1
Treatment: S3: 100% RDF + 25% N through poultry manuree0
Outcome: chlorophyll content at 75 DAS (spad value)e0
Direction: higheste0
Comparator: S2:75% RDF + 25% N through poultry manure, S4: 75% RDF + 25% N through FYM and S5:100% RDFe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“application of S3: 100% RDF + 25% N through poultry manure recorded significantly highest number of leafs, plant height (cm), leaf area index at 75 DAS, chlorophyll content at 75 DAS (spad value), grain yield (q ha-1) and stover yield (q ha-1) as compared to S2:75% RDF + 25% N through poultry manure, S4: 75% RDF + 25% N through FYM and S5:100% RDF”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1257–1606 · show in text ↑

e1
“yield of kharif maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1192–1213 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

S3 gave the highest maize grain and stover yield versus S2, S4 and S5.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse1
Treatment: S3: 100% RDF + 25% N through poultry manuree0
Outcome: grain yield (q ha-1) and stover yield (q ha-1)e0
Direction: higheste0
Comparator: S2:75% RDF + 25% N through poultry manure, S4: 75% RDF + 25% N through FYM and S5:100% RDFe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“application of S3: 100% RDF + 25% N through poultry manure recorded significantly highest number of leafs, plant height (cm), leaf area index at 75 DAS, chlorophyll content at 75 DAS (spad value), grain yield (q ha-1) and stover yield (q ha-1) as compared to S2:75% RDF + 25% N through poultry manure, S4: 75% RDF + 25% N through FYM and S5:100% RDF”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1257–1606 · show in text ↑

e1
“yield of kharif maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1192–1213 · show in text ↑

Observationobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

S3 and FYM at full RDF plus 25% N were at par for the listed maize outcomes.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse2
Treatment: S5: 100% RDF + 25% N through FYMe0
Outcome: number of leafs, plant height (cm), leaf area index at 75 DASe1
Direction: at pare0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“it were at par with S5: 100% RDF + 25% N through FYM”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1611–1663 · show in text ↑

e1
“highest number of leafs, plant height (cm), leaf area index at 75 DAS, chlorophyll content at 75 DAS (spad value), grain yield (q ha-1) and stover yield (q ha-1)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1339–1500 · show in text ↑

e2
“yield of kharif maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1192–1213 · show in text ↑

mulching · physiology: pigments · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

13 papers: 12 positive, 1 negative or no effect

11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

9 papers more in this group

See all 13 papers →

mulching · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

140 papers: 122 positive, 18 negative or no effect

121 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
Increasing mulch retarded early corn growth through reduced soil temperatures.
Influence of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Straw Mulch and Metolachlor on Corn (Zea mays) Growth and Yield · 1994
Opposite direction
negative
Mulch left fewer corn roots than control below 15 cm.
Root Development and Growth Response of Corn Following Mulching, Cultivation, or Interrow Compaction¹ · 1974 · compared with control
Opposite direction
no effect
High rates of newspaper mulch showed no apparent growth problems for corn and soybeans.
Comparisons of Shredded Newspaper and Wheat Straw as Crop Mulches · 1992
Opposite direction

136 papers more in this group

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fertilization · physiology: pigments · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

171 papers: 157 positive, 14 negative or no effect

156 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative

no effect
No consistent significant differences in agronomic parameters were found among fertilizer treatments.
Utility of stabilized nitrogen fertilizers to reduce nitrate leaching under optimal management practices · 2020
Opposite direction
no effect
Phosphate starter fertilization did not significantly alter fatty acid, carotenoid and tocochromanol concentrations in corn kernels.
Location and Variety but Not Phosphate Starter Fertilization Influence the Profiles of Fatty Acids, Carotenoids, and Tocochromanols in Kernels of Modern Corn (Zea mays L.) Hybrids Cultivated in Germany · 2021 · compared with without starter fertilizer
Opposite direction
no effect
NPKS+CaLO and NPKS+CaPL raised maize chlorophyll a content by over 7% relative to NPKS, without significant difference.
Effect of soil supplementation with mineral-organic mixtures on the amount of maize biomass and the mobility of trace elements in soil · 2022 · compared with NPKS treatment
Opposite direction

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mulching · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

364 papers: 330 positive, 34 negative or no effect

329 papers in the same direction as this paper · 31 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative

positive
Plastic mulch prevented weeding cost.
Effect of Tillage and Mulching on Growth, Yield and Economics of Maize Crops · 2022
Same directionCites this paper
negative
Crimson, Balansa, and subterranean clover mulches produced poor corn yields despite high nitrogen.
Nitrogen Delivery from Legume Cover Crops in No‐Till Organic Corn Production · 2011
Opposite direction
no effect
Living mulches did not significantly reduce corn grain yield when legume suppression was adequate.
Cyanazine Losses in Runoff from No‐Tillage Corn in “Living” and Dead Mulches vs. Unmulched, Conventional Tillage · 1984
Opposite direction

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fertilization · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

1,365 papers: 1,196 positive, 169 negative or no effect

1,195 papers in the same direction as this paper · 149 in the opposite direction · 20 reporting no difference from an alternative

positive
Integrated nutrient management significantly increased baby corn growth characters over control.
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth and Yield of Baby Corn (Zea mays L.) · 2018 · compared with control
Same directionCited by this paper
no effect
Foliar fertilization did not improve maize growth under short-term drought or salt stress.
Effect of foliar fertilization application on the growth and mineral nutrient content of maize seedlings under drought and salinity · 2008
Opposite direction
no effect
Starter fertilizer did not increase corn height.
Corn Yield is Equal in Conventional, Reduced, and No Tillage after 20 Years · 1996
Opposite direction

1,361 papers more in this group

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fertilization · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

3,908 papers: 3,485 positive, 423 negative or no effect

3,484 papers in the same direction as this paper · 338 in the opposite direction · 85 reporting no difference from an alternative

positive
Integrated nutrient management significantly increased baby corn yield contributing characters, yield and fodder yield over control.
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth and Yield of Baby Corn (Zea mays L.) · 2018 · compared with control
Same directionCited by this paper
negative
If the V8 sufficiency index was below 90%, in-season nitrogen application did not attain maximum yields.
Ability for In‐Season Correction of Nitrogen Deficiency in Corn Using Chlorophyll Meters · 1997
Opposite direction
no effect
N fertilization did not significantly influence belowground NPP of corn.
Nitrogen fertilizer effects on soil carbon balances in Midwestern U.S. agricultural systems · 2009
Opposite direction

3,904 papers more in this group

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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.

Abstract

Claims 10

The same questions in other papers

mulching · physiology: pigments · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

mulching · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

fertilization · physiology: pigments · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

mulching · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

fertilization · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

fertilization · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results