Abstract
Summary Two related protein phosphatases 2C, ABI1 and AtPP2CA have been implicated as negative regulators of ABA signalling. In this study we characterized the role of AtPP2CA in cold acclimation. The pattern of expression of AtPP2CA and ABI1 was studied in different tissues and in response to abiotic stresses. The expression of both AtPP2CA and ABI1 was induced by low temperature, drought, high salt and ABA. The cold and drought‐induced expression of these genes was ABA‐dependent, but divergent in various ABA signalling mutants. In addition, the two PP2C genes exhibited differences in their tissue‐specific expression as well as in temporal induction in response to low temperature. To elucidate the function of AtPP2CA in cold acclimation further, the corresponding gene was silenced by antisense inhibition. Transgenic antisense plants exhibited clearly accelerated development of freezing tolerance. Both exposure to low temperature and application of ABA resulted in enhanced freezing tolerance in antisense plants. These plants displayed increased sensitivity to ABA both during development of frost tolerance and during seed germination, but not in their drought responses. Furthermore, the expression of cold‐and ABA‐induced genes was enhanced in transgenic antisense plants. Our results suggest that AtPP2CA is a negative regulator of ABA responses during cold acclimation.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature, drought, high salt and ABA induced AtPP2CA and ABI1 expression.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianat0 - Gene
- AtPP2CA and ABI1e0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of both AtPP2CA and ABI1 was induced by low temperature, drought, high salt and ABA”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold- and drought-induced expression of AtPP2CA and ABI1 was ABA-dependent and divergent among ABA-signaling mutants.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- AtPP2CA and ABI1e1
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Qualifier
- ABA‐dependent, but divergent in various ABA signalling mutantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cold and drought‐induced expression of these genes was ABA‐dependent, but divergent in various ABA signalling mutants”
e1“The expression of both AtPP2CA and ABI1”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
The two PP2C genes differed in tissue-specific expression and timing of low-temperature induction.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- PP2C genese0
- Outcome
- tissue‐specific expression as well as in temporal inductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the two PP2C genes exhibited differences in their tissue‐specific expression as well as in temporal induction in response to low temperature”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
AtPP2CA antisense plants developed freezing tolerance faster.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- antisensee0
- Gene
- AtPP2CAe1
- Outcome
- development of freezing tolerancee0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transgenic antisense plants exhibited clearly accelerated development of freezing tolerance”
e1“the function of AtPP2CA in cold acclimation”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature enhanced freezing tolerance in antisense plants.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- exposure to low temperaturee0
- Outcome
- freezing tolerancee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both exposure to low temperature and application of ABA resulted in enhanced freezing tolerance in antisense plants”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA application enhanced freezing tolerance in antisense plants.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- application of ABAe0
- Outcome
- freezing tolerancee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both exposure to low temperature and application of ABA resulted in enhanced freezing tolerance in antisense plants”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Antisense plants were more sensitive to ABA during frost-tolerance development and seed germination.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Outcome
- sensitivity to ABAe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These plants displayed increased sensitivity to ABA both during development of frost tolerance and during seed germination”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Antisense plants did not show increased ABA sensitivity in drought responses.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Outcome
- drought responsese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These plants displayed increased sensitivity to ABA both during development of frost tolerance and during seed germination, but not in their drought responses”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold- and ABA-induced gene expression increased in antisense plants.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Outcome
- expression of cold‐and ABA‐induced genese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of cold‐and ABA‐induced genes was enhanced in transgenic antisense plants”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that AtPP2CA negatively regulates ABA responses during cold acclimation.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- AtPP2CAe0
- Outcome
- ABA responses during cold acclimatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our results suggest that AtPP2CA is a negative regulator of ABA responses during cold acclimation”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
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