Abstract
Apple scab caused by Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Wint., is the most serious fungal disease affecting apple trees in many apple production areas of the world and Egypt, that resulting in the defoliation of trees and making the fruits unmarketable. Depending on the risk of disease, 8 to 10 or even more fungicidal applications usually need for efficient control. If the disease is not controlled at the suitable time of application, the disease can affect 70 % or more of the yield. Field studies were conducted during 2017 and 2018 growing seasons in two districts of two Governorates of Egypt, i.e. Qalyoubia at El-Qanater El-Khayria Horticultural Research Station, Agricultural Research Center, and Beheira at a private farm at Kafr El Dawar. The efficiency of different tested fungicides and the time of their application (four variable times) on controlling the disease and fruit yield production were estimated. Time of application have markedly affected the efficiency of the fungicides that used. Disease suppression and fruit yield (kg/tree) were greater when the tested fungicides were applied at the third application program (at fruit set in the first week of April when the first symptoms of scab infection were observed), followed by the second application program (at full bloom in the first week of March), while fungicide applications at the first application program (at bud burst in the first week of February) and the fourth application program (at fruit growth in the first week of May) recorded the highest disease severity% and the lowest yield productivity (kg/tree) in the two governorates through the two growing seasons. Bellis, Amistar top and Score had more effect on apple scab infections and yield productivity (kg/tree), followed by Occidor, Topsin M and Namrod but the lowest efficiency% and the lowest productivity of yield (kg/tree) were recorded with Dithane M, Index, Copper oxychloride and Microvit through 2017 and 2018 growing seasons in the two governorates. Sulphur and copper, however, gave acceptable control for apple scab when used at an appropriate time.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
The third fungicide application program gave greater disease suppression and fruit yield than the second.
- Taxon
- APPLE
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- third application programe0
- Outcome
- Disease suppression and fruit yielde0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- second application programe0
Not reportedInteractorSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Disease suppression and fruit yield (kg/tree) were greater when the tested fungicides were applied at the third application program (at fruit set in the first week of April when the first symptoms of scab infection were observed), followed by the second application program (at full bloom in the first week of March)”
t0“APPLE”
Claim · model-written summary
Applications at bud burst and fruit growth had the highest disease severity and lowest yield.
- Taxon
- APPLEMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- first application programe0
- Outcome
- disease severity%e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Setting
- two governoratese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fungicide applications at the first application program (at bud burst in the first week of February) and the fourth application program (at fruit growth in the first week of May) recorded the highest disease severity% and the lowest yield productivity (kg/tree) in the two governorates through the two growing seasons.”
t0“APPLE”
Claim · model-written summary
Bellis, Amistar top and Score were the most effective group for apple scab and yield.
- Taxon
- APPLEMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Bellis, Amistar top and Scoree0
- Outcome
- apple scab infections and yield productivitye0
- Direction
- more effecte0
- Comparator
- Occidor, Topsin M and Namrode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bellis, Amistar top and Score had more effect on apple scab infections and yield productivity (kg/tree), followed by Occidor, Topsin M and Namrod”
t0“APPLE”
Claim · model-written summary
Dithane M, Index, Copper oxychloride and Microvit had the lowest efficacy and yield.
- Taxon
- APPLEMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Dithane M, Index, Copper oxychloride and Microvite0
- Outcome
- efficiency%e0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lowest efficiency% and the lowest productivity of yield (kg/tree) were recorded with Dithane M, Index, Copper oxychloride and Microvit”
t0“APPLE”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur gave acceptable apple scab control when appropriately timed.
- Taxon
- APPLEMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Sulphure0
- Outcome
- control for apple scabe0
- Direction
- acceptablee0
- Qualifier
- when used at an appropriate timee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sulphur and copper, however, gave acceptable control for apple scab when used at an appropriate time.”
t0“APPLE”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper gave acceptable apple scab control when appropriately timed.
- Taxon
- APPLEMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- coppere0
- Outcome
- control for apple scabe0
- Direction
- acceptablee0
- Qualifier
- when used at an appropriate timee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sulphur and copper, however, gave acceptable control for apple scab when used at an appropriate time.”
t0“APPLE”
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