Abstract
The effects of bacterial and fungal inocula on the nutritional status of ‘Sampion’ apple trees was evaluated in three-years study (2018–2020). The experiment was set up in a two-factor system: (i) fertilization (without fertilization or mineral fertilization with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium); (ii) application of beneficial microorganisms (without application, application of fungi or bacteria). The mixture of beneficial soil fungi contained two species: Aspergillus niger and Purpureocillium lilacinum. The mixture of beneficial bacteria contained three strains of Bacillus (Bacillus sp., Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Paenibacillus polymyxa). The analysis of mineral content and leaf greenness (SPAD index) was performed on the samples collected from the trees in August. The lack of mineral fertilization caused a significant decrease in the nitrogen content of apple leaves, which resulted in their lighter color (lower SPAD index). The application of filamentous fungi or bacterial strains had a modifying effect on the mineral composition of apple leaves, what became evident especially in the third year of the study. An increase in the concentration of nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, sulphur and most microelements (except for boron) was found as a result of the influence of tree mineral fertilization and microorganisms applied to the soil. In the absence of mineral fertilization of the trees, the applied microbial inocula resulted in the significant increase of concentration of most macro- and microelements in the leaf tissue (except for magnesium and boron).
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Lack of mineral fertilization significantly decreased leaf nitrogen content of apple trees.
- Taxon
- apple trees
Malus domesticae0 - Material
- ‘Sampion’e0
- Organ / stage
- apple leavese2
- Treatment
- lack of mineral fertilizatione2
- Outcome
- nitrogen contente2
- Direction
- decreasee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of bacterial and fungal inocula on the nutritional status of ‘Sampion’ apple trees was evaluated in three-years study (2018–2020)”
e2“The lack of mineral fertilization caused a significant decrease in the nitrogen content of apple leaves, which resulted in their lighter color (lower SPAD index)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lack of mineral fertilization lowered the SPAD index (leaf greenness) of apple trees.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- ‘Sampion’e0
- Organ / stage
- leavese2
- Treatment
- lack of mineral fertilizatione2
- Outcome
- SPAD indexe2
- Direction
- lowere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of bacterial and fungal inocula on the nutritional status of ‘Sampion’ apple trees was evaluated in three-years study (2018–2020)”
e2“The lack of mineral fertilization caused a significant decrease in the nitrogen content of apple leaves, which resulted in their lighter color (lower SPAD index)”
Claim · model-written summary
Filamentous fungi or bacterial strains applied to the soil had a modifying effect on the mineral composition of apple leaves, especially in the third year.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- application of filamentous fungi or bacterial strainse1
- Interactor
- filamentous fungie1symbiont
- Second interactor
- bacterial strainse1symbiont
- Outcome
- mineral compositione1
- Qualifier
- especially in the third year of the studye1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of bacterial and fungal inocula on the nutritional status of ‘Sampion’ apple trees was evaluated in three-years study (2018–2020)”
e1“The application of filamentous fungi or bacterial strains had a modifying effect on the mineral composition of apple leaves, what became evident especially in the third year of the study”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral fertilization and soil microorganisms increased the concentration of nitrogen, calcium and magnesium in apple leaves.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- tree mineral fertilization and microorganisms applied to the soile3
- Interactor
- microorganismse3symbiont
- Outcome
- nitrogen, calcium, magnesiume3
- Direction
- increasee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of bacterial and fungal inocula on the nutritional status of ‘Sampion’ apple trees was evaluated in three-years study (2018–2020)”
e3“An increase in the concentration of nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, sulphur and most microelements (except for boron) was found as a result of the influence of tree mineral fertilization and microorganisms applied to the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral fertilization and soil microorganisms increased the concentration of sulphur and most microelements in apple leaves, except boron.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- tree mineral fertilization and microorganisms applied to the soile3
- Interactor
- microorganismse3symbiont
- Outcome
- sulphur and most microelementse3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Qualifier
- except for borone3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of bacterial and fungal inocula on the nutritional status of ‘Sampion’ apple trees was evaluated in three-years study (2018–2020)”
e3“An increase in the concentration of nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, sulphur and most microelements (except for boron) was found as a result of the influence of tree mineral fertilization and microorganisms applied to the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Without mineral fertilization, applied microbial inocula significantly increased most macro- and microelements in apple leaf tissue.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Organ / stage
- leaf tissuee4
- Treatment
- applied microbial inoculae4
- Interactor
- microbial inoculae4symbiont
- Outcome
- most macro- and microelementse4
- Direction
- increasee4
- Qualifier
- In the absence of mineral fertilization of the treese4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of bacterial and fungal inocula on the nutritional status of ‘Sampion’ apple trees was evaluated in three-years study (2018–2020)”
e4“In the absence of mineral fertilization of the trees, the applied microbial inocula resulted in the significant increase of concentration of most macro- and microelements in the leaf tissue (except for magnesium and boron)”
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See all 117 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.