Abstract
Monoammonium phosphate (MAP) is a popular starter fertilizer in Pacific Northwest tree fruit orchards; however, its use on soils contaminated with lead arsenate pesticide residues can enhance As solubility, thereby increasing As phytoavailability. `Fuji'/EMLA.26 apple trees ( Malus × domestica Borkh.) were planted in Mar. 1992 on a lead arsenate—contaminated Cashmont gravelly sandy loam soil (HCl-extractable soil As range: 60-222 mg·kg -1 ) using in-hole starter fertilizer application of either MAP or ammonium sulfate at equivalent N and anion rates. In ensuing years, all trees received identical applications of ammonium nitrate only. Relative trunk cross-sectional area was inversely related to soil As concentration in the year of planting but not in subsequent years, and was independent of starter fertilizer treatment. Leaf and fruit As were positively related to soil As in all years. Leaf As was initially higher in the MAP-treated trees; however, this effect diminished over time and disappeared by 1995. Fruit As was independent of starter fertilizer treatment, and was substantially lower than the tolerance established for As in fresh produce. The experimental results indicate that MAP starter fertilizer can increase soil As phytoavailability to apple trees grown under field conditions; however, the effects on tree growth and food safety are insignificant.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Apple trunk cross-sectional area was inversely related to soil As in the planting year.
- Taxon
- Apple Trees
Malus domesticat0 - Compound
- soil Ase0
- Outcome
- Relative trunk cross-sectional areae0
- Direction
- inversely relatede0
- Qualifier
- in the year of plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative trunk cross-sectional area was inversely related to soil As concentration in the year of planting but not in subsequent years, and was independent of starter fertilizer treatment.”
t0“Phosphate Starter Fertilizer Temporarily Enhances Soil Arsenic Uptake by Apple Trees Grown under Field Conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The trunk-area relation to soil As was absent in subsequent years.
- Taxon
- Apple TreesMalus domesticat0
- Compound
- soil Ase0
- Outcome
- Relative trunk cross-sectional areae0
- Qualifier
- not in subsequent yearse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative trunk cross-sectional area was inversely related to soil As concentration in the year of planting but not in subsequent years, and was independent of starter fertilizer treatment.”
t0“Phosphate Starter Fertilizer Temporarily Enhances Soil Arsenic Uptake by Apple Trees Grown under Field Conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Trunk cross-sectional area was independent of starter fertilizer treatment.
- Taxon
- Apple TreesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- starter fertilizer treatmente0
- Outcome
- Relative trunk cross-sectional areae0
- Direction
- independente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative trunk cross-sectional area was inversely related to soil As concentration in the year of planting but not in subsequent years, and was independent of starter fertilizer treatment.”
t0“Phosphate Starter Fertilizer Temporarily Enhances Soil Arsenic Uptake by Apple Trees Grown under Field Conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf As was positively related to soil As in all years.
- Taxon
- Apple TreesMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- Leafe0
- Compound
- soil Ase0
- Outcome
- Leaf and fruit Ase0
- Direction
- positively relatede0
- Qualifier
- in all yearse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf and fruit As were positively related to soil As in all years.”
t0“Phosphate Starter Fertilizer Temporarily Enhances Soil Arsenic Uptake by Apple Trees Grown under Field Conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit As was positively related to soil As in all years.
- Taxon
- Apple TreesMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- fruite0
- Compound
- soil Ase0
- Outcome
- Leaf and fruit Ase0
- Direction
- positively relatede0
- Qualifier
- in all yearse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf and fruit As were positively related to soil As in all years.”
t0“Phosphate Starter Fertilizer Temporarily Enhances Soil Arsenic Uptake by Apple Trees Grown under Field Conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf As was initially higher in MAP-treated trees.
- Taxon
- Apple TreesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- MAP-treatede0
- Outcome
- Leaf Ase0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- initiallye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf As was initially higher in the MAP-treated trees; however, this effect diminished over time and disappeared by 1995.”
t0“Phosphate Starter Fertilizer Temporarily Enhances Soil Arsenic Uptake by Apple Trees Grown under Field Conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The MAP effect on leaf As diminished and disappeared by 1995.
- Taxon
- Apple TreesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- MAP-treatede0
- Outcome
- Leaf Ase0
- Direction
- diminishede0
- Qualifier
- disappeared by 1995e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf As was initially higher in the MAP-treated trees; however, this effect diminished over time and disappeared by 1995.”
t0“Phosphate Starter Fertilizer Temporarily Enhances Soil Arsenic Uptake by Apple Trees Grown under Field Conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit As was independent of starter fertilizer treatment.
- Taxon
- Apple TreesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- starter fertilizer treatmente0
- Outcome
- Fruit Ase0
- Direction
- independente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit As was independent of starter fertilizer treatment, and was substantially lower than the tolerance established for As in fresh produce.”
t0“Phosphate Starter Fertilizer Temporarily Enhances Soil Arsenic Uptake by Apple Trees Grown under Field Conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit As was substantially lower than the fresh-produce tolerance.
- Taxon
- Apple TreesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- Fruit Ase0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- tolerance established for As in fresh producee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit As was independent of starter fertilizer treatment, and was substantially lower than the tolerance established for As in fresh produce.”
t0“Phosphate Starter Fertilizer Temporarily Enhances Soil Arsenic Uptake by Apple Trees Grown under Field Conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that MAP can increase soil As phytoavailability to field-grown apple trees.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- MAP starter fertilizere0
- Outcome
- soil As phytoavailabilitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Setting
- field conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The experimental results indicate that MAP starter fertilizer can increase soil As phytoavailability to apple trees grown under field conditions; however, the effects on tree growth and food safety are insignificant.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors judged the effects on tree growth and food safety insignificant.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- MAP starter fertilizere0
- Outcome
- effects on tree growth and food safetye0
- Direction
- insignificante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The experimental results indicate that MAP starter fertilizer can increase soil As phytoavailability to apple trees grown under field conditions; however, the effects on tree growth and food safety are insignificant.”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · nutrient: content · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
30 papers in the same direction as this paper · 86 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
113 papers more in this group
See all 117 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.