Abstract
The aim of the present study was to promote plant growth characteristics including mineral uptake and various phytohormone production by indigenously isolated Bacillus spp. strains. Plants subjected to normal and water stress conditions were collected after 21 days to measure physiological parameters, photosynthetic pigment estimation, biochemical attributes, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme response modulation. Our results correlated with drought stress amelioration with the inoculation of Bacillus spp. strains BEB1, BEB2, BEB3 and BEB4 under sterile soil condition. Inoculated plants of both maize cultivars showed increases in fresh (56.12%) and dry (103.5%) biomass, plant length (42.48%), photosynthetic pigments (32.76%), and biochemical attributes with enhanced nutrient uptake. The overall maize antioxidant response to bacterial inoculation lowered the malonaldehyde level (59.14%), generation of hydrogen peroxide (45.75%) and accumulation of flavonoid contents in both control and water stress condition. Activity of antioxidant enzymes, catalase (62.96%), peroxidase (23.46%), ascorbate peroxidase (24.44%), and superoxide dismutase (55.69%) were also decreased with the application of bacterial treatment. Stress amelioration is dependent on a specific plant–strain interaction evident in the differences in the evaluated biochemical attributes, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant responses. Such bacteria could be used for enhancing the crop productivity and plant protection under biotic and abiotic stresses for sustainable agriculture.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus inoculation changed maize fresh by 56.12%.
- Treatment
- bacterial inoculatione1
- Interactor
- Bacillus spp. strainse2symbiont
- Outcome
- freshe0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 56.12%e0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculated plants of both maize cultivars showed increases in fresh (56.12%) and dry (103.5%) biomass, plant length (42.48%), photosynthetic pigments (32.76%), and biochemical attributes with enhanced nutrient uptake.”
e1“bacterial inoculation”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e2“indigenously isolated Bacillus spp. strains”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus inoculation changed maize dry by 103.5%.
- Treatment
- bacterial inoculatione1
- Interactor
- Bacillus spp. strainse2symbiont
- Outcome
- drye0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 103.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculated plants of both maize cultivars showed increases in fresh (56.12%) and dry (103.5%) biomass, plant length (42.48%), photosynthetic pigments (32.76%), and biochemical attributes with enhanced nutrient uptake.”
e1“bacterial inoculation”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e2“indigenously isolated Bacillus spp. strains”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus inoculation changed maize plant length by 42.48%.
- Treatment
- bacterial inoculatione1
- Interactor
- Bacillus spp. strainse2symbiont
- Outcome
- plant lengthe0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 42.48%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculated plants of both maize cultivars showed increases in fresh (56.12%) and dry (103.5%) biomass, plant length (42.48%), photosynthetic pigments (32.76%), and biochemical attributes with enhanced nutrient uptake.”
e1“bacterial inoculation”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e2“indigenously isolated Bacillus spp. strains”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus inoculation changed maize photosynthetic pigments by 32.76%.
- Treatment
- bacterial inoculatione1
- Interactor
- Bacillus spp. strainse2symbiont
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 32.76%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculated plants of both maize cultivars showed increases in fresh (56.12%) and dry (103.5%) biomass, plant length (42.48%), photosynthetic pigments (32.76%), and biochemical attributes with enhanced nutrient uptake.”
e1“bacterial inoculation”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e2“indigenously isolated Bacillus spp. strains”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus inoculation changed maize malonaldehyde level by 59.14%.
- Treatment
- bacterial inoculatione1
- Interactor
- Bacillus spp. strainse2symbiont
- Outcome
- malonaldehyde levele0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Value
- 59.14%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The overall maize antioxidant response to bacterial inoculation lowered the malonaldehyde level (59.14%), generation of hydrogen peroxide (45.75%) and accumulation of flavonoid contents in both control and water stress condition.”
e1“bacterial inoculation”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e2“indigenously isolated Bacillus spp. strains”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus inoculation changed maize generation of hydrogen peroxide by 45.75%.
- Treatment
- bacterial inoculatione1
- Interactor
- Bacillus spp. strainse2symbiont
- Outcome
- generation of hydrogen peroxidee0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Value
- 45.75%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The overall maize antioxidant response to bacterial inoculation lowered the malonaldehyde level (59.14%), generation of hydrogen peroxide (45.75%) and accumulation of flavonoid contents in both control and water stress condition.”
e1“bacterial inoculation”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e2“indigenously isolated Bacillus spp. strains”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus inoculation changed maize catalase by 62.96%.
- Treatment
- bacterial inoculatione1
- Interactor
- Bacillus spp. strainse2symbiont
- Outcome
- catalasee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 62.96%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Activity of antioxidant enzymes, catalase (62.96%), peroxidase (23.46%), ascorbate peroxidase (24.44%), and superoxide dismutase (55.69%) were also decreased with the application of bacterial treatment.”
e1“bacterial inoculation”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e2“indigenously isolated Bacillus spp. strains”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus inoculation changed maize peroxidase by 23.46%.
- Treatment
- bacterial inoculatione1
- Interactor
- Bacillus spp. strainse2symbiont
- Outcome
- peroxidasee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 23.46%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Activity of antioxidant enzymes, catalase (62.96%), peroxidase (23.46%), ascorbate peroxidase (24.44%), and superoxide dismutase (55.69%) were also decreased with the application of bacterial treatment.”
e1“bacterial inoculation”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e2“indigenously isolated Bacillus spp. strains”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus inoculation changed maize ascorbate peroxidase by 24.44%.
- Treatment
- bacterial inoculatione1
- Interactor
- Bacillus spp. strainse2symbiont
- Outcome
- ascorbate peroxidasee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 24.44%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Activity of antioxidant enzymes, catalase (62.96%), peroxidase (23.46%), ascorbate peroxidase (24.44%), and superoxide dismutase (55.69%) were also decreased with the application of bacterial treatment.”
e1“bacterial inoculation”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e2“indigenously isolated Bacillus spp. strains”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus inoculation changed maize superoxide dismutase by 55.69%.
- Treatment
- bacterial inoculatione1
- Interactor
- Bacillus spp. strainse2symbiont
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutasee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 55.69%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Activity of antioxidant enzymes, catalase (62.96%), peroxidase (23.46%), ascorbate peroxidase (24.44%), and superoxide dismutase (55.69%) were also decreased with the application of bacterial treatment.”
e1“bacterial inoculation”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e2“indigenously isolated Bacillus spp. strains”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculation enhanced nutrient uptake in maize.
- Treatment
- bacterial inoculatione1
- Interactor
- Bacillus spp. strainse2symbiont
- Outcome
- nutrient uptakee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculated plants of both maize cultivars showed increases in fresh (56.12%) and dry (103.5%) biomass, plant length (42.48%), photosynthetic pigments (32.76%), and biochemical attributes with enhanced nutrient uptake.”
e1“bacterial inoculation”
e2“indigenously isolated Bacillus spp. strains”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculation reduced flavonoid accumulation in maize.
- Treatment
- bacterial inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Bacillus spp. strainse2symbiont
- Outcome
- accumulation of flavonoid contentse0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The overall maize antioxidant response to bacterial inoculation lowered the malonaldehyde level (59.14%), generation of hydrogen peroxide (45.75%) and accumulation of flavonoid contents in both control and water stress condition.”
e2“indigenously isolated Bacillus spp. strains”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress amelioration depended on the maize plant–strain interaction.
- Interactor
- Bacillus spp. strainse2symbiont
- Outcome
- Stress amelioratione0
- Qualifier
- specific plant–strain interactione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stress amelioration is dependent on a specific plant–strain interaction evident in the differences in the evaluated biochemical attributes, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant responses.”
e2“indigenously isolated Bacillus spp. strains”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus strains could enhance crop productivity and protection under stress.
- Interactor
- Bacillus spp. strainse2symbiont
- Outcome
- enhancing the crop productivity and plant protectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Such bacteria could be used for enhancing the crop productivity and plant protection under biotic and abiotic stresses for sustainable agriculture.”
e2“indigenously isolated Bacillus spp. strains”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
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