Abstract
Maize diseases caused by mollicutes (Phytoplasma and Spiroplasma) areimportant for the crop because its high incidence causes losses in grain production. Plants phloem are infected by mollicutes, which may alter sugar synthesis and proteins levels.The objective of this study was to verify the mollicutes effect on total soluble sugar andproteins synthesis in two maize cultivars. The experiment was carried out in pots of 30Kg, with soil previously analyzed and fertilized. After thinning two plants were left perpot. The experimental design was a fully randomized 3 x 2 factorial with 6 replications;being 3 inoculations (phytoplasma, spiroplasma and healthy plants) and 2 cultivars (Dina766 and BR 201). Thirty days after inoculating maize plants, it was analyzed theparameters: leaf temperature, relative humidity, stomatal resistance and transpiration. Atmilky growth stage the maize plants were harvested and cut into 3 parts, in order toanalyze total soluble sugars, nutrients and dry matter accumulation. The internode belowmain ear and the flag leaf were sampled to determine the peroxidase activity and proteincontent, respectively. The other plant was left up to end of the crop cycle in order toevaluate ear number, grain and ear weight and grain dry matter. The analysis of variancefor all characteristics evaluated did not show significance on interactions of genotypes xinoculation. Some parameters resulted in significance for genotypes, inoculation or forboth. Soluble sugars, dry matter, peroxidase activity and protein were similar in bothgenotypes and inoculations. Stomatal resistance was higher in Dina 766 and in maizeplants inoculated by phytoplasma. Ear number was higher in plants inoculated bymollicutes than in healthy plants. Ear and grain weights were higher in healthy plantsand in the ones infected by phytoplasma, when compared to the ones infected byspiroplasma. Nutrient concentration and the amounts taken up were similar , except forP and Zn. The mollicutes interfered neither on soluble sugar synthesis nor on proteincontent. However, the yield data suggested a higher susceptibility to the Spiroplasmarather than to the Phytoplasma.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Dina 766 had higher stomatal resistance than BR 201 in maize.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ALTERATIONS IN SOLUBLE SUGAR LEVELS, AND PROTEINS CONCENTRATION IN MAIZE CULTIVARS INOCULATED BY MOLLICUTES”
e1“Stomatal resistance was higher in Dina 766 and in maize plants inoculated by phytoplasma.”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytoplasma inoculation increased stomatal resistance in maize.
- Treatment
- inoculated by phytoplasmae1
- Interactor
- phytoplasma
Candidatus Phytoplasmae1pathogen - Outcome
- Stomatal resistancee1
- Direction
- highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ALTERATIONS IN SOLUBLE SUGAR LEVELS, AND PROTEINS CONCENTRATION IN MAIZE CULTIVARS INOCULATED BY MOLLICUTES”
e1“Stomatal resistance was higher in Dina 766 and in maize plants inoculated by phytoplasma.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mollicute inoculation increased ear number in maize compared with healthy plants.
- Treatment
- inoculated by mollicutese2
- Interactor
- mollicutesMollicutese2pathogen
- Outcome
- Ear numbere2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- healthy plantse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ALTERATIONS IN SOLUBLE SUGAR LEVELS, AND PROTEINS CONCENTRATION IN MAIZE CULTIVARS INOCULATED BY MOLLICUTES”
e2“Ear number was higher in plants inoculated by mollicutes than in healthy plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ear and grain weights of maize were higher in healthy plants and phytoplasma-infected plants than in spiroplasma-infected plants.
- Treatment
- infected by phytoplasmae3
- Interactor
- phytoplasmaCandidatus Phytoplasmae3pathogen
- Second interactor
- spiroplasma
Spiroplasmae3pathogen - Outcome
- Ear and grain weightse3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- infected by spiroplasmae3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ALTERATIONS IN SOLUBLE SUGAR LEVELS, AND PROTEINS CONCENTRATION IN MAIZE CULTIVARS INOCULATED BY MOLLICUTES”
e3“Ear and grain weights were higher in healthy plants and in the ones infected by phytoplasma, when compared to the ones infected by spiroplasma.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mollicutes did not affect soluble sugar synthesis or protein content in maize.
- Treatment
- mollicutese4
- Interactor
- mollicutesMollicutese4pathogen
- Outcome
- soluble sugar synthesis nor on protein contente4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ALTERATIONS IN SOLUBLE SUGAR LEVELS, AND PROTEINS CONCENTRATION IN MAIZE CULTIVARS INOCULATED BY MOLLICUTES”
e4“The mollicutes interfered neither on soluble sugar synthesis nor on protein content.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble sugars, dry matter and peroxidase activity were similar across maize genotypes and inoculations.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ALTERATIONS IN SOLUBLE SUGAR LEVELS, AND PROTEINS CONCENTRATION IN MAIZE CULTIVARS INOCULATED BY MOLLICUTES”
e5“Soluble sugars, dry matter, peroxidase activity and protein were similar in both genotypes and inoculations.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient concentration and nutrient uptake in maize were similar, except for P and Zn.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ALTERATIONS IN SOLUBLE SUGAR LEVELS, AND PROTEINS CONCENTRATION IN MAIZE CULTIVARS INOCULATED BY MOLLICUTES”
e6“Nutrient concentration and the amounts taken up were similar , except for P and Zn.”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype by inoculation interactions were not significant for the maize characteristics evaluated.
- Outcome
- interactions of genotypes x inoculatione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ALTERATIONS IN SOLUBLE SUGAR LEVELS, AND PROTEINS CONCENTRATION IN MAIZE CULTIVARS INOCULATED BY MOLLICUTES”
e7“The analysis of variance for all characteristics evaluated did not show significance on interactions of genotypes x inoculation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize was suggested to be more susceptible to Spiroplasma than to Phytoplasma, based on yield data.
- Interactor
- SpiroplasmaSpiroplasmae0pathogen
- Outcome
- susceptibilitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Phytoplasmae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ALTERATIONS IN SOLUBLE SUGAR LEVELS, AND PROTEINS CONCENTRATION IN MAIZE CULTIVARS INOCULATED BY MOLLICUTES”
e0“However, the yield data suggested a higher susceptibility to the Spiroplasma rather than to the Phytoplasma.”
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