Abstract
Abstract This study proposes an integrated approach to evaluate the efficiency of intermittent warming (IW) on cooling rate, uniformity, energy efficiency, mass loss, and the development of CIs by combining experiment and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. The results show that the cooling homogeneity and mass loss increases with increasing the warming duration and frequency, although the incidence of chilling injuries (CIs) and energy consumption decrease under these conditions. Near the bottom of the pallet, CIs increased and mass loss decreased because of the higher cooling rate of fruit in this zone. The accuracy of the CFD simulations was confirmed by a good agreement with experiments. The root‐mean‐square error and mean absolute percentage error for fruit temperature were 0.879°C and 21.42%, respectively. Practical applications Reducing energy consumption and chilling injuries (CIs) is vital for improving the overall economic benefits of the cold chain and maintaining poststorage quality in fresh fruit. This research provides a reliable theoretical and experimental basis for improving the efficacy of IW and for ensuring optimum IW treatment and thereby minimizing energy consumption and CIs during fruit storage.
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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Longer and more frequent warming increased cooling homogeneity of apples.
- Taxon
- apples
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- warming duration and frequencye0
- Outcome
- cooling homogeneitye0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Integral evaluation for intermittent cold storage of apples by using mathematical modeling”
e0“the cooling homogeneity and mass loss increases with increasing the warming duration and frequency”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer and more frequent warming increased mass loss of apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- warming duration and frequencye0
- Outcome
- mass losse0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Integral evaluation for intermittent cold storage of apples by using mathematical modeling”
e0“the cooling homogeneity and mass loss increases with increasing the warming duration and frequency”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer and more frequent warming decreased the incidence of chilling injuries in apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- warming duration and frequencye0
- Outcome
- incidence of chilling injuries (CIs)e1
- Direction
- decreasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Integral evaluation for intermittent cold storage of apples by using mathematical modeling”
e0“the cooling homogeneity and mass loss increases with increasing the warming duration and frequency”
e1“the incidence of chilling injuries (CIs) and energy consumption decrease under these conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer and more frequent warming decreased energy consumption in apple cold storage.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- warming duration and frequencye0
- Outcome
- energy consumptione1
- Direction
- decreasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Integral evaluation for intermittent cold storage of apples by using mathematical modeling”
e0“the cooling homogeneity and mass loss increases with increasing the warming duration and frequency”
e1“the incidence of chilling injuries (CIs) and energy consumption decrease under these conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling injuries of apples increased near the bottom of the pallet, where the higher cooling rate is the stated cause.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- CIse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- because of the higher cooling rate of fruit in this zonee2
- Setting
- Near the bottom of the pallete2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Integral evaluation for intermittent cold storage of apples by using mathematical modeling”
e2“Near the bottom of the pallet, CIs increased and mass loss decreased because of the higher cooling rate of fruit in this zone”
Claim · model-written summary
Mass loss of apples decreased near the bottom of the pallet.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- mass losse2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Setting
- Near the bottom of the pallete2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Integral evaluation for intermittent cold storage of apples by using mathematical modeling”
e2“Near the bottom of the pallet, CIs increased and mass loss decreased because of the higher cooling rate of fruit in this zone”
Claim · model-written summary
The CFD model accuracy for apple cooling was confirmed by good agreement with experiments.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- accuracy of the CFD simulationse3
- Direction
- confirmede3
- Comparator
- experimentse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Integral evaluation for intermittent cold storage of apples by using mathematical modeling”
e3“The accuracy of the CFD simulations was confirmed by a good agreement with experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
Root-mean-square error of CFD fruit temperature was 0.879 °C.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- root‐mean‐square errore4
- Value
- 0.879°Ce4
- Qualifier
- fruit temperaturee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Integral evaluation for intermittent cold storage of apples by using mathematical modeling”
e4“The root‐mean‐square error and mean absolute percentage error for fruit temperature were 0.879°C and 21.42%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean absolute percentage error of CFD fruit temperature was 21.42%.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- mean absolute percentage errore4
- Value
- 21.42%e4
- Qualifier
- fruit temperaturee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Integral evaluation for intermittent cold storage of apples by using mathematical modeling”
e4“The root‐mean‐square error and mean absolute percentage error for fruit temperature were 0.879°C and 21.42%, respectively”
The same questions in other papers
heat · pest · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
heat · crop injury · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.