Abstract
Abstract. Codling moth (CM) larva is one of the most problematic insect pest species that plague the apple industry in the United States, especially with regards to international export. As the apple industry continues to grow, there is an ever-growing need for faster and more precise non-destructive techniques for detecting insect infestations. Vibro-acoustic emission sensing has proven to be an effective method for non-invasive detection. However, internal CM larvae infestation detection in apples can be difficult because their activity pattern is not stationary, resulting in a nontrivial chance of the larvae being dormant during the sample‘s evaluation period. One solution to this is to attempt to stimulate the larvae, encouraging it to be active during a known evaluation period. Our proposed method is heat stimulation, where the apple (and larvae, if present) are placed in an environment that slightly elevates its temperature (30°C) above the room temperature for a period before data are acquired. For heat stimulation to be meaningful, the temperature must be high enough to stimulate the larvae, but low enough to where it does not cause chemical property changes in the fruit or lessen the potential usable life of the fruit. The proposed work describes an experimental study where both control and CM larvae infested apples had vibro-acoustic data collected, with and without heat stimulation. The results show that heat stimulation does increase the accuracy of detection at the longer signal time (120 s, 60 s, and 10 s). Different classifier models were applied to recognize vibro-acoustic signals from CM infested apples, and the Ensemble model illustrated the highest performance, with overall test accuracy of 96.64%. This suggests that there is merit in heat stimulation, and industrial potential as the heat stimulation applied does not appear to damage the fruit.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stimulation increased the accuracy of detecting codling moth larvae in apples at longer signal times.
- Taxon
- apples
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- heat stimulatione0
- Interactor
- codling moth larvaet0pest
- Outcome
- accuracy of detectione0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- at the longer signal time (120 s, 60 s, and 10 s)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“heat stimulation does increase the accuracy of detection at the longer signal time (120 s, 60 s, and 10 s)”
t0“Vibro-acoustic emission and heat stimulation effect on the detection of codling moth larvae in apples”
Claim · model-written summary
The Ensemble classifier reached the highest overall test accuracy of 96.64% on vibro-acoustic signals from infested apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Interactor
- CMe1pest
- Outcome
- overall test accuracye1
- Direction
- highest performancee1
- Value
- 96.64%e1
- Comparator
- Different classifier modelse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Different classifier models were applied to recognize vibro-acoustic signals from CM infested apples, and the Ensemble model illustrated the highest performance, with overall test accuracy of 96.64%”
t0“Vibro-acoustic emission and heat stimulation effect on the detection of codling moth larvae in apples”
Claim · model-written summary
The heat stimulation applied does not appear to damage apple fruit.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- heat stimulatione2
- Outcome
- damage the fruite2
- Qualifier
- does not appear toe2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“the heat stimulation applied does not appear to damage the fruit”
t0“Vibro-acoustic emission and heat stimulation effect on the detection of codling moth larvae in apples”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors see merit and industrial potential in heat stimulation for apple infestation detection.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- heat stimulatione3
- Outcome
- merit in heat stimulatione3
- Qualifier
- industrial potentiale3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“This suggests that there is merit in heat stimulation, and industrial potential”
t0“Vibro-acoustic emission and heat stimulation effect on the detection of codling moth larvae in apples”
The same questions in other papers
heat · pest · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.