Abstract
Weed infestations significantly reduce the growth and yield of field crops. Herbicides are mostly used for weed management due to their quick results. However, resistant biotypes to available herbicides are rapidly increasing around the word. This situation calls for the development of alternative weed management strategies. Crop rotation and allelopathic water extracts are regarded as the most important alternative weed management strategies. Therefore, this two-year study assessed the impact of different annual crop rotations by weed management strategies’ interactions on weed infestation and productivity of wheat crop. Wheat was planted in five rotations, i.e., (i) fallow-wheat, (ii) rice-wheat, (iii) cotton-wheat, (iv) mungbean-wheat and (v) sorghum-wheat. The weed management strategies included in the study were; (i) false seedbed, (ii) application of 12 L ha−1 allelopathic plant water extracts (1:1:1:1 ratio of sorghum, sunflower, mulberry and eucalyptus), (iii) herbicide application, (iv) weed-free (weed control) and (v) weedy-check (no weed control). Herbicide application was the most effective treatment in lowering weed densities and biomass during both years followed by false seedbed, while allelopathic crop water extracts were least effective. The lowest weed infestation was noted in sorghum-wheat rotation followed by cotton-wheat and mungbean-wheat, while fallow-wheat had the highest weed infestation. Weedy-check treatment caused significant reduction in wheat growth and yield, whereas the highest grain yield was recorded from weed-free and herbicide application treatments. Grain yield of wheat planted after sorghum was suppressed; however, yield improved when wheat was planted after mungbean. Planting wheat after mungbean in a weed-free environment, achieved through chemical and/or mechanical means, is the best strategy to obtain higher wheat yields.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide application most strongly lowered weed density and biomass, followed by false seedbed; allelopathic extracts were least effective.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Herbicide applicatione0
- Outcome
- weed densities and biomasse0
- Direction
- loweringe0
- Comparator
- false seedbede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“Herbicide application was the most effective treatment in lowering weed densities and biomass during both years followed by false seedbed, while allelopathic crop water extracts were least effective.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum-wheat rotation had the lowest weed infestation, followed by cotton-wheat and mungbean-wheat, whereas fallow-wheat had the highest.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sorghum-wheat rotatione0
- Outcome
- weed infestatione0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Comparator
- fallow-wheate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“The lowest weed infestation was noted in sorghum-wheat rotation followed by cotton-wheat and mungbean-wheat, while fallow-wheat had the highest weed infestation.”
Claim · model-written summary
The weedy check significantly reduced wheat growth and yield.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Weedy-check treatmente0
- Outcome
- wheat growth and yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“Weedy-check treatment caused significant reduction in wheat growth and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed-free treatment gave the highest wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- weed-freee0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“the highest grain yield was recorded from weed-free and herbicide application treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide application gave the highest wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- herbicide applicatione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“the highest grain yield was recorded from weed-free and herbicide application treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat planted after sorghum had suppressed grain yield.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- planted after sorghume0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“Grain yield of wheat planted after sorghum was suppressed”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat planted after mungbean had improved yield.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- planted after mungbeane0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“yield improved when wheat was planted after mungbean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend wheat after mungbean in a weed-free environment for higher yields.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Planting wheat after mungbean in a weed-free environmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“Planting wheat after mungbean in a weed-free environment, achieved through chemical and/or mechanical means, is the best strategy to obtain higher wheat yields.”
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