Abstract
Crop rotation and soil tillage are among key factors impacting cropping system productivity, pest management and soil health. To assess their role in northern cropping systems, we quantified the effects of crop rotation on spring wheat yield in different tillage systems based on a long-term (2005–2017) field experiment in southwestern Finland. In addition, effects of crop rotation on weeds, plant pathogens, and pest insects were assessed. Three types of crop rotation were compared: monoculture (spring wheat), 2-year rotation (spring wheat—turnip rape—spring wheat—barley) and 4-year rotation (spring wheat—turnip rape—barley—pea) under no-tillage and plowing. A diversified crop rotation improved spring wheat yield by up to 30% in no-tillage and by 13% under plowing compared with monoculture. Overall, the yield quantity and quality differences between crop rotations were higher in no-tillage plots than in plowed plots. The occurrence of weed species in spring wheat before herbicide control was highest in the four-year crop rotation and lowest in the wheat monoculture. For plant diseases, wheat leaf blotch disease severity, mainly caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis , was lowest in the most diverse crop rotation. On average, wheat leaf blotch disease severity was 20% less when wheat was grown every fourth year compared with wheat monoculture. The effect of crop rotation on stem and root diseases became apparent after 6 years of rotation and the disease index was lowest in the most diverse crop rotation. Neither rotation nor tillage affected the control need of wheat midge ( Sitodiplosis mosellana ). Based on our results, diverse crop rotations including cereals, oilseed crops, and legumes increase yield and reduce plant disease severity of spring wheat in Finland, with the magnitude being larger in no-tillage systems.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Diversified rotation improved spring wheat yield up to 30% under no tillage.
- Taxon
- spring wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- diversified crop rotatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- up to 30%e0
- Qualifier
- no-tillagee0
- Comparator
- monoculturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A diversified crop rotation improved spring wheat yield by up to 30% in no-tillage and by 13% under plowing compared with monoculture”
Claim · model-written summary
Diversified rotation improved spring wheat yield 13% under plowing.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- diversified crop rotatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 13%e0
- Qualifier
- under plowinge0
- Comparator
- monoculturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A diversified crop rotation improved spring wheat yield by up to 30% in no-tillage and by 13% under plowing compared with monoculture”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotation differences in yield quantity and quality were greater under no tillage than plowing.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- yield quantity and quality differencese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- no-tillage plotse0
- Comparator
- plowed plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield quantity and quality differences between crop rotations were higher in no-tillage plots than in plowed plots”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed occurrence in spring wheat was highest under four year rotation.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- four-year crop rotatione0
- Interactor
- weed speciese0weed
- Outcome
- occurrence of weed speciese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- wheat monoculturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“occurrence of weed species in spring wheat before herbicide control was highest in the four-year crop rotation and lowest in the wheat monoculture”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat leaf blotch severity was lowest under the most diverse rotation.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- most diverse crop rotatione0
- Interactor
- Pyrenophora tritici-repentis
Pyrenophora tritici-repentise0pathogen - Outcome
- wheat leaf blotch disease severitye0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat leaf blotch disease severity, mainly caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis , was lowest in the most diverse crop rotation”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf blotch severity was 20% lower when wheat was grown every fourth year than in monoculture.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- wheat was grown every fourth yeare0
- Outcome
- wheat leaf blotch disease severitye0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 20%e0
- Comparator
- wheat monoculturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat leaf blotch disease severity was 20% less when wheat was grown every fourth year compared with wheat monoculture”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotation effects on stem and root diseases became apparent after six years.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- stem and root diseasese0
- Qualifier
- after 6 years of rotatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effect of crop rotation on stem and root diseases became apparent after 6 years of rotation and the disease index was lowest in the most diverse crop rotation”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The disease index was lowest under the most diverse rotation.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- most diverse crop rotatione0
- Outcome
- disease indexe0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“disease index was lowest in the most diverse crop rotation”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Neither rotation nor tillage changed control need for wheat midge.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- rotation nor tillagee0
- Interactor
- Sitodiplosis mosellana
Sitodiplosis mosellanae0pest - Outcome
- control need of wheat midgee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neither rotation nor tillage affected the control need of wheat midge ( Sitodiplosis mosellana )”
t0“Spring Wheat”
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