Abstract
Reduced Herbicide Doses Used Together with Allelopathic Sorghum and Sunflower Water Extracts for Weed Control in Wheat Water extracts from allelopathic crops possess the potential to control weeds effectively, especially when used in combination with reduced rates of herbicides. Label doses of different herbicides and their seventy percent reduced doses, were combined with 18 l/ha each of allelopathic sorghum and sunflower water extracts (WE). This combination was sprayed 30 days after sowing (DAS) for weed control in wheat ( Triticum aestivum ). Maximum reduction in total weed density and dry weight over the control, was recorded in a field sprayed with mesosulfuron + idosulfuron (Atlantis 3.6 WG) at 14.4 g active substance (a.s.)/ha. However, sorghum + sunflower WE each at 18 l/ha combined with doses which had been reduced by 70% of mesosulfuron + idosulfuron (Atlantis 12 EC at 36 g a.s./ha), or metribuzin + phenoxaprop (Bullet 38 SC at 57 g a.s./ha) or mesosulfuron + idosulfuron (Atlantis 3.6 WG at 4.32 g a.s./ha), reduced total weed dry weight by more than 90%, over the control. Sorghum and sunflower water extracts each at 18 l/ha combined with metribuzin + phenoxaprop (Bullet 38 SC at 57 g a.s./ha) produced a maximum number of productive tillers, spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, biological yield and grain yield. Moreover, this treatment was the most economical along with having the maximum net benefits. The results suggested that weeds can be controlled in wheat, for a higher yield, when a 70% reduced herbicide dose is used in combination with allelopathic sorghum and sunflower water extracts.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Full-rate mesosulfuron plus idosulfuron gave the maximum reduction in weed density and dry weight against the control.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- mesosulfuron + idosulfuron (Atlantis 3.6 WG) at 14.4 g active substance (a.s.)/hae0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- total weed density and dry weighte0
- Direction
- Maximum reductione0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum reduction in total weed density and dry weight over the control, was recorded in a field sprayed with mesosulfuron + idosulfuron (Atlantis 3.6 WG) at 14.4 g active substance (a.s.)/ha.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum and sunflower extracts with reduced Atlantis 12 EC reduced total weed dry weight by over 90% against the control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sorghum + sunflower WE each at 18 l/ha combined with doses which had been reduced by 70% of mesosulfuron + idosulfuron (Atlantis 12 EC at 36 g a.s./ha)e0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- total weed dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- more than 90%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sorghum + sunflower WE each at 18 l/ha combined with doses which had been reduced by 70% of mesosulfuron + idosulfuron (Atlantis 12 EC at 36 g a.s./ha), or metribuzin + phenoxaprop (Bullet 38 SC at 57 g a.s./ha) or mesosulfuron + idosulfuron (Atlantis 3.6 WG at 4.32 g a.s./ha), reduced total weed dry weight by more than 90%, over the control.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum and sunflower extracts with reduced Bullet 38 SC reduced weed dry weight by over 90% against the control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- metribuzin + phenoxaprop (Bullet 38 SC at 57 g a.s./ha)e0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- total weed dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- more than 90%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sorghum + sunflower WE each at 18 l/ha combined with doses which had been reduced by 70% of mesosulfuron + idosulfuron (Atlantis 12 EC at 36 g a.s./ha), or metribuzin + phenoxaprop (Bullet 38 SC at 57 g a.s./ha) or mesosulfuron + idosulfuron (Atlantis 3.6 WG at 4.32 g a.s./ha), reduced total weed dry weight by more than 90%, over the control.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum and sunflower extracts with reduced Atlantis 3.6 WG reduced weed dry weight by over 90% against the control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- mesosulfuron + idosulfuron (Atlantis 3.6 WG at 4.32 g a.s./ha)e0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- total weed dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- more than 90%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sorghum + sunflower WE each at 18 l/ha combined with doses which had been reduced by 70% of mesosulfuron + idosulfuron (Atlantis 12 EC at 36 g a.s./ha), or metribuzin + phenoxaprop (Bullet 38 SC at 57 g a.s./ha) or mesosulfuron + idosulfuron (Atlantis 3.6 WG at 4.32 g a.s./ha), reduced total weed dry weight by more than 90%, over the control.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The sorghum and sunflower extract plus Bullet treatment maximized productive tillers, spikelets and grains per spike.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Sorghum and sunflower water extracts each at 18 l/ha combined with metribuzin + phenoxaprop (Bullet 38 SC at 57 g a.s./ha)e0
- Outcome
- productive tillers, spikelets per spike, number of grains per spikee0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sorghum and sunflower water extracts each at 18 l/ha combined with metribuzin + phenoxaprop (Bullet 38 SC at 57 g a.s./ha) produced a maximum number of productive tillers, spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, biological yield and grain yield.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The same extract plus Bullet treatment maximized biological and grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Sorghum and sunflower water extracts each at 18 l/ha combined with metribuzin + phenoxaprop (Bullet 38 SC at 57 g a.s./ha)e0
- Outcome
- biological yield and grain yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sorghum and sunflower water extracts each at 18 l/ha combined with metribuzin + phenoxaprop (Bullet 38 SC at 57 g a.s./ha) produced a maximum number of productive tillers, spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, biological yield and grain yield.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The extract plus Bullet treatment was the most economical and gave maximum net benefits.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Sorghum and sunflower water extracts each at 18 l/ha combined with metribuzin + phenoxaprop (Bullet 38 SC at 57 g a.s./ha)e1
- Outcome
- most economicale0
- Direction
- maximume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, this treatment was the most economical along with having the maximum net benefits.”
e1“Sorghum and sunflower water extracts each at 18 l/ha combined with metribuzin + phenoxaprop (Bullet 38 SC at 57 g a.s./ha)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend combining 70% reduced herbicide doses with allelopathic sorghum and sunflower extracts to control weeds and raise wheat yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 70% reduced herbicide dose is used in combination with allelopathic sorghum and sunflower water extractse0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weeds can be controlled in wheat, for a higher yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results suggested that weeds can be controlled in wheat, for a higher yield, when a 70% reduced herbicide dose is used in combination with allelopathic sorghum and sunflower water extracts.”
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