Abstract
Two field trials were carried out in Nubaryia region, El BeheiraGovernorate, Egypt throughout two successive seasons of 2012/2013 and2013/2014 to examine the response of five multigerm varieties of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris, sacchrifera L.) as affected by agricultural sulphur(100 kg/fed.), and nematicide, furan (carbofuran10% G) at 13 kg/fed onroot knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita under naturally infected withit. A split-split plots design was used, where sulphur treatments in mainplots, the nematicide, in the sub-plots, and sugar beet varieties were sownin the sub-sub- plots. Results obtained cleared that number of galls/ plantsignificantly affected by sulphur treatments, this finding was true in bothgrowing seasons at the two studied age i.e. 3-momth or 6- month.Application of 100 kg sulphur reduced the values of galls from 15.6 to 9.0in the 1st age corresponding 38 to 25 in the 2nd age. The percent ofreduction amounted by 73.33% and 52.0% at age 3 and 6 monthsrespectively. Once more, the differences between sulphur treatments didnot reach the level of significant in respect to their effect on galls numberin the 2nd seasons of both ages. Concerning carbofuran (C) influence, theresults showed that the used nematicide compound significantly reducedthe percent values of gall’s number, the amount of reduction reached to140 and 152 % in the 1st and 2nd seasons at age of 3- month corresponding172 and 226.4 % in 6- month age in the 1st and 2nd season respectively.This result may be indicating to the high specificity against nematode.Regarding the different combination between the studied factors, it couldbe noted that the 1st and 2nd order interaction were significantly effected onthe values of gall’s number/ root in both seasons whether at 3-momth or 6-month ages. Once more by the end of growing season (six months), thevalues of egg masses significantly affected by the individual studiedfactors. Application of 100 kg sulphur significantly reduced the values ofeggmasses/root. As for, the influence of carbofuran nematicide on eggmasses, the available data appeared highly response to carbofuran inrespect to its effect on egg masses in the two growing seasons, usingcarbofuran et a reduction in this trait amounted by 113.33 and 137.5% inthe 1st and 2nd seasons respectively. Belong to varietal difference in respectto egg masses, the collected results showed sugar beet variety Gloriserecorded the lowest value of this trait in both seasons. This finding may beassured the gen make up role in its influence on varieties with respect to their resistance against nematode infection. The most effect interaction wasthat between sugar beet varieties and each of sulphar treatment andnematicide. Sugar beet root fresh weight, root diameter and sugar yield/fedincreased significantly at the studied rates of nematicide and sulphur in the1st and 2nd seasons. Root yield had the same trend in the 2nd season only.Sucrose% and sugar extractable% significantly increased at the rates ofnematicide and sulphur treatments in both seasons, respectively. Glorisevariety cleared the significant superiority over all the other tested ones insucrose%, without significant variance with lilly variety. The interactionbetween the used rates of sulphur and carbofuran nematicide had the sameeffect on root diameter in both seasons. Sulphur treatment at developedroot quality and reduced the impurity of juice of sugar beet and increasedroot growth as well as carbofuran nematicide did. Alpha amino nitrogen insugar beet roots was significantly influenced by sulphur and carbofurannematicide interaction in both seasons. Potassium, sucrose and extractablesugar percentages and percentage extractability of root juice weresignificantly recorded impacts by the interaction between varieties andsulphur levels in both seasons.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur reduced root galls at three months.
- Taxon
- sugar beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0 - Treatment
- 100 kg sulphure0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae1pathogene0 - Outcome
- gallse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 9.0in the 1st agee0
- Comparator
- 15.6e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Application of 100 kg sulphur reduced the values of galls from 15.6 to 9.0in the 1st age corresponding 38 to 25 in the 2nd age”
t0“SUGAR BEET”
e1“Meloidogyne incognita under naturally infected withit”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur reduced root galls at six months.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 100 kg sulphure0
- Outcome
- gallse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 25 in the 2nd agee0
- Comparator
- 38e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 100 kg sulphur reduced the values of galls from 15.6 to 9.0in the 1st age corresponding 38 to 25 in the 2nd age”
t0“SUGAR BEET”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur differences in gall number were not significant in the second season.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- sulphur treatmentse0
- Outcome
- galls numbere0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the differences between sulphur treatments didnot reach the level of significant in respect to their effect on galls numberin the 2nd seasons of both ages”
t0“SUGAR BEET”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbofuran reduced gall numbers.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- carbofurane1
- Outcome
- gall’s numbere0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 140 and 152 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the used nematicide compound significantly reducedthe percent values of gall’s number, the amount of reduction reached to140 and 152 % in the 1st and 2nd seasons at age of 3- month corresponding172 and 226.4 % in 6- month age in the 1st and 2nd season respectively”
t0“SUGAR BEET”
e1“Concerning carbofuran (C) influence”
Claim · model-written summary
The studied factor interactions significantly affected gall number.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Outcome
- gall’s number/ roote0
- Qualifier
- both seasonse0
Not reportedTreatmentDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 1st and 2nd order interaction were significantly effected onthe values of gall’s number/ root in both seasons whether at 3-momth or 6-month ages”
t0“SUGAR BEET”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur reduced egg masses per root.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 100 kg sulphure0
- Outcome
- eggmasses/roote0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 100 kg sulphur significantly reduced the values ofeggmasses/root.”
t0“SUGAR BEET”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbofuran reduced egg masses in both seasons.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- carbofurane0
- Outcome
- egg massese1
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 113.33 and 137.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“usingcarbofuran et a reduction in this trait amounted by 113.33 and 137.5% inthe 1st and 2nd seasons respectively”
t0“SUGAR BEET”
e1“on egg masses in the two growing seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Glorise had the lowest egg mass value.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Material
- Glorisee0
- Outcome
- lowest valuee0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sugar beet variety Gloriserecorded the lowest value of this trait in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematicide and sulphur increased root fresh weight, root diameter and sugar yield.
- Taxon
- Sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- nematicide and sulphure0
- Outcome
- root fresh weight, root diameter and sugar yield/fede0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sugar beet root fresh weight, root diameter and sugar yield/fedincreased significantly at the studied rates of nematicide and sulphur in the1st and 2nd seasons.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematicide and sulphur increased root yield in the second season.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- nematicide and sulphure1
- Outcome
- Root yielde0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root yield had the same trend in the 2nd season only.”
t0“SUGAR BEET”
e1“Sugar beet root fresh weight, root diameter and sugar yield/fedincreased significantly at the studied rates of nematicide and sulphur in the1st and 2nd seasons.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematicide and sulphur increased sucrose and extractable sugar percentages.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- nematicide and sulphur treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Sucrose% and sugar extractable%e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sucrose% and sugar extractable% significantly increased at the rates ofnematicide and sulphur treatments in both seasons, respectively.”
t0“SUGAR BEET”
Claim · model-written summary
Glorise had superior sucrose percentage, without a significant difference from lilly.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Material
- Glorisee0
- Outcome
- sucrose%e0
- Direction
- superioritye0
- Comparator
- lillye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glorisevariety cleared the significant superiority over all the other tested ones insucrose%, without significant variance with lilly variety.”
t0“SUGAR BEET”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur improved root quality and growth and reduced juice impurity.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Sulphur treatmente0
- Outcome
- impurity of juicee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sulphur treatment at developedroot quality and reduced the impurity of juice of sugar beet and increasedroot growth as well as carbofuran nematicide did.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur and carbofuran interaction affected root alpha amino nitrogen.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- sulphur and carbofurannematicidee0
- Outcome
- Alpha amino nitrogene0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alpha amino nitrogen insugar beet roots was significantly influenced by sulphur and carbofurannematicide interaction in both seasons.”
Claim · model-written summary
Variety by sulphur interaction affected potassium, sucrose, extractable sugar and extractability.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- sulphur levelse0
- Outcome
- Potassium, sucrose and extractablesugar percentagese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potassium, sucrose and extractablesugar percentages and percentage extractability of root juice weresignificantly recorded impacts by the interaction between varieties andsulphur levels in both seasons.”
t0“SUGAR BEET”
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