Abstract
BACKGROUND: Abscission is an active, organized, and highly coordinated cell separation process enabling the detachment of aerial organs through the modification of cell-to-cell adhesion and breakdown of cell walls at specific sites on the plant body known as abscission zones. In Arabidopsis thaliana, abscission of floral organs and cauline leaves is regulated by the interaction of the hormonal peptide INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA), a pair of redundant receptor-like protein kinases, HAESA (HAE) and HAESA-LIKE2 (HSL2), and SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE (SERK) co-receptors. However, the functionality of this abscission signaling module has not yet been demonstrated in other plant species. RESULTS: The expression of the pair of NbenIDA1 homeologs and the receptor NbenHAE.1 was supressed at the base of the corolla tube by the inoculation of two virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) constructs in Nicotiana benthamiana. These gene suppression events arrested corolla abscission but did not produce any obvious effect on plant growth. VIGS plants retained a higher number of corollas attached to the flowers than control plants, an observation related to a greater corolla breakstrength. The arrest of corolla abscission was associated with the preservation of the parenchyma tissue at the base of the corolla tube that, in contrast, was virtually collapsed in normal corollas. In contrast, the inoculation of a viral vector construct that increased the expression of NbenIDA1A at the base of the corolla tube negatively affected the growth of the inoculated plants accelerating the timing of both corolla senescence and abscission. However, the heterologous ectopic overexpression of citrus CitIDA3 and Arabidopsis AtIDA in N. benthamiana did not alter the standard plant phenotype suggesting that the proteolytic processing machinery was unable to yield active peptides. CONCLUSION: Here, we demonstrate that the pair of NbenIDA1 homeologs encoding small peptides of the IDA-like family and the receptor NbenHAE.1 control cellular breakdown at the base of the corolla tube awhere an adventitious AZ should be formed and, therefore, corolla abscission in N. benthamiana flowers. Altogether, our results provide the first evidence supporting the notion that the IDA-HAE/HSL2 signaling module is conserved in angiosperms.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
VIGS suppression of NbenIDA1 homeologs and NbenHAE.1 arrested corolla abscission in N. benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianat0 - Organ / stage
- base of the corolla tubee0
- Treatment
- inoculation of two virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) constructse0
- Gene
- NbenIDA1 homeologs and the receptor NbenHAE.1e0
- Outcome
- corolla abscissione1
- Direction
- arrestede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of the pair of NbenIDA1 homeologs and the receptor NbenHAE.1 was supressed at the base of the corolla tube by the inoculation of two virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) constructs in Nicotiana benthamiana”
e1“These gene suppression events arrested corolla abscission but did not produce any obvious effect on plant growth”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
VIGS suppression of NbenIDA1 homeologs and NbenHAE.1 had no obvious effect on plant growth.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- inoculation of two virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) constructse0
- Outcome
- plant growthe1
- Direction
- did not produce any obvious effecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of the pair of NbenIDA1 homeologs and the receptor NbenHAE.1 was supressed at the base of the corolla tube by the inoculation of two virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) constructs in Nicotiana benthamiana”
e1“These gene suppression events arrested corolla abscission but did not produce any obvious effect on plant growth”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
VIGS plants retained a higher number of corollas attached to the flowers than control plants.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- VIGSe2
- Outcome
- number of corollas attached to the flowerse2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- control plantse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“VIGS plants retained a higher number of corollas attached to the flowers than control plants, an observation related to a greater corolla breakstrength”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
VIGS plants showed greater corolla breakstrength than control plants.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- VIGSe2
- Outcome
- corolla breakstrengthe2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Comparator
- control plantse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“VIGS plants retained a higher number of corollas attached to the flowers than control plants, an observation related to a greater corolla breakstrength”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Parenchyma tissue at the base of the corolla tube was preserved in arrested-abscission corollas and virtually collapsed in normal corollas.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Organ / stage
- base of the corolla tubee3
- Outcome
- preservation of the parenchyma tissuee3
- Qualifier
- virtually collapsed in normal corollase3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The arrest of corolla abscission was associated with the preservation of the parenchyma tissue at the base of the corolla tube that, in contrast, was virtually collapsed in normal corollas”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation of a viral vector increasing NbenIDA1A expression negatively affected the growth of the inoculated plants.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- inoculation of a viral vector construct that increased the expression of NbenIDA1Ae4
- Gene
- NbenIDA1Ae4
- Outcome
- growth of the inoculated plantse4
- Direction
- negatively affectede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“the inoculation of a viral vector construct that increased the expression of NbenIDA1A at the base of the corolla tube negatively affected the growth of the inoculated plants accelerating the timing of both corolla senescence and abscission”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation of a viral vector increasing NbenIDA1A expression accelerated the timing of corolla senescence and abscission.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- inoculation of a viral vector construct that increased the expression of NbenIDA1Ae4
- Gene
- NbenIDA1Ae4
- Outcome
- timing of both corolla senescence and abscissione4
- Direction
- acceleratinge4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“the inoculation of a viral vector construct that increased the expression of NbenIDA1A at the base of the corolla tube negatively affected the growth of the inoculated plants accelerating the timing of both corolla senescence and abscission”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
NbenIDA1 homeologs and NbenHAE.1 are proposed to control cellular breakdown at the base of the corolla tube, and so corolla abscission.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Gene
- NbenIDA1 homeologse6
- Outcome
- cellular breakdown at the base of the corolla tubee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Here, we demonstrate that the pair of NbenIDA1 homeologs encoding small peptides of the IDA-like family and the receptor NbenHAE.1 control cellular breakdown at the base of the corolla tube”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Heterologous ectopic overexpression of citrus CitIDA3 and Arabidopsis AtIDA did not alter the standard N. benthamiana phenotype.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- heterologous ectopic overexpressione5
- Gene
- citrus CitIDA3 and Arabidopsis AtIDAe5
- Outcome
- standard plant phenotypee5
- Direction
- did not altere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“the heterologous ectopic overexpression of citrus CitIDA3 and Arabidopsis AtIDA in N. benthamiana did not alter the standard plant phenotype suggesting that the proteolytic processing machinery was unable to yield active peptides”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Heterologous IDA peptides were probably not processed into active peptides in N. benthamiana, suggesting the proteolytic processing machinery was unable to yield them.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Outcome
- active peptidese5
- Qualifier
- the proteolytic processing machinery was unable to yield active peptidese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“the heterologous ectopic overexpression of citrus CitIDA3 and Arabidopsis AtIDA in N. benthamiana did not alter the standard plant phenotype suggesting that the proteolytic processing machinery was unable to yield active peptides”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
The IDA-HAE/HSL2 signaling module is conserved in angiosperms.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Gene
- IDA-HAE/HSL2e7
- Outcome
- signaling module is conservede7
- Qualifier
- in angiospermse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Altogether, our results provide the first evidence supporting the notion that the IDA-HAE/HSL2 signaling module is conserved in angiosperms”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
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