Abstract
This experiments conducted in 2019, to evaluate yield response of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus, (L.) Moench) to attractiveness of colour sticky traps in relation to other population sampling methods and bio-pesticidal effects of Aqueous delonix seed extract on the flea beetles, Podagrica Spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in the Southern Guinea Savanna zone of Nigeria. Experimental design uses six coloured sticky traps as treatments in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated three times. The design for efficacies of Bio-pesticides also in RCBD had four replications and five application rates, including a positive check and zero control as treatments. Yellow colour traps gave higher mean Podagrica Spp., catches but damage was higher in the white and purple traps, indicating other contributive factors affecting beetles feeding on Okra fruits. Higher precision was observed in hitting methods, when combined with colour reflectance. Yield of Okra fruits was optimum in all treatments, being higher in purple and least in white traps plants. Heavier fruits and least yield losses were in the least infected navy-blue treated plots. Agronomic performance was better in bio-pesticide treated Okra plants, but were not significant across different application rates with 57.30cm2 peak leave area at 20g/l, while mean fruit yield of 1007.00 was recorded at 15g/l Aqueous delonix seed application rate. Control had lowest mean fruit yield (780.00) with the highest fruits damage (11.33) per plot but heavier fruits recorded in the treated plants at 30g/l (66.75kg) over Cypermethrin (61.05kg). Pest population census showed significant (P < 0.05) decrease with increased application rates of the bio-pesticides. Hitting as sampling method was superior over sweep netting and was significantly different (P < 0.05) across the bio-pesticides application rates.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Yellow colour traps caught higher mean numbers of Podagrica beetles.
- Taxon
- Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)
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Abelmoschus esculentust0 - Treatment
- Yellow colour trapse0
- Interactor
- Podagrica Spp.e0pest
- Outcome
- mean Podagrica Spp., catchese0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Yellow colour traps gave higher mean Podagrica Spp., catches but damage was higher in the white and purple traps”
t0“Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Damage on okra was higher in white and purple traps.
- Taxon
- Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)Abelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- white and purple trapse0
- Outcome
- damagee0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“damage was higher in the white and purple traps”
t0“Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Okra yield was higher in purple traps than in white traps.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- purplee0
- Outcome
- Yield of Okra fruitse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- white trapse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield of Okra fruits was optimum in all treatments, being higher in purple and least in white traps plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Hitting was a superior sampling method compared with sweep netting.
- Taxon
- Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)Abelmoschus esculentust0
- Outcome
- sampling methode0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- sweep nettinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hitting as sampling method was superior over sweep netting”
t0“Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-pesticide treated okra plants had better agronomic performance than controls.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- bio-pesticide treatede0
- Outcome
- Agronomic performancee0
- Direction
- bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Agronomic performance was better in bio-pesticide treated Okra plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Aqueous Delonix seed extract at 15 g/l gave a mean okra fruit yield of 1007.00.
- Taxon
- Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)Abelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- Aqueous delonix seed application ratee0
- Outcome
- mean fruit yielde0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 1007.00e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mean fruit yield of 1007.00 was recorded at 15g/l Aqueous delonix seed application rate”
t0“Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
The control had the lowest mean okra fruit yield of 780.00.
- Taxon
- Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)Abelmoschus esculentust0
- Outcome
- mean fruit yielde0
- Value
- 780.00e0
- Qualifier
- Control had loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Control had lowest mean fruit yield (780.00)”
t0“Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
The control had the highest fruit damage of 11.33 per plot.
- Taxon
- Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)Abelmoschus esculentust0
- Outcome
- fruits damagee0
- Value
- 11.33e0
- Qualifier
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with the highest fruits damage (11.33) per plot”
t0“Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruits were heavier in plants treated at 30 g/l than with cypermethrin.
- Taxon
- Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)Abelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- 30g/le0
- Outcome
- fruitse0
- Direction
- heaviere0
- Value
- 66.75kge0
- Qualifier
- 61.05kge0
- Comparator
- Cypermethrine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“heavier fruits recorded in the treated plants at 30g/l (66.75kg) over Cypermethrin (61.05kg)”
t0“Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Flea beetle population decreased significantly with increasing bio-pesticide application rates.
- Taxon
- Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)Abelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- increased application rates of the bio-pesticidese0
- Outcome
- Pest populatione0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pest population census showed significant (P < 0.05) decrease with increased application rates of the bio-pesticides”
t0“Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Okra peak leaf area was 57.30 cm2 at 20 g/l and not significant across application rates.
- Taxon
- Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)Abelmoschus esculentust0
- Outcome
- peak leave areae0
- Value
- 57.30cm2e0
- Qualifier
- not significant across different application ratese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were not significant across different application rates with 57.30cm2 peak leave area at 20g/l”
t0“Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Least yield losses occurred in the least infected navy-blue treated plots.
- Taxon
- Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)Abelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- navy-blue treated plotse0
- Outcome
- yield lossese0
- Direction
- leaste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heavier fruits and least yield losses were in the least infected navy-blue treated plots”
t0“Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hitting sampling precision was higher when combined with colour reflectance.
- Taxon
- Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)Abelmoschus esculentust0
- Outcome
- precisione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher precision was observed in hitting methods, when combined with colour reflectance”
t0“Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
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