Abstract
A two-year field experiment(2012–2013) was conducted to investigate the effects of two tillage methods and five maize straw mulching patterns on the yield, water consumption,and water use efficiency(WUE) of spring maize(Zea mays L.) in the northern Huang–Huai–Hai valley of China. Compared to rotary tillage, subsoil tillage resulted in decreases in water consumption by 6.3–7.8% and increases in maize yield by 644.5–673.9 kg ha-1, soil water content by 2.9–3.0%, and WUE by 12.7–15.2%. Chopped straw mulching led to higher yield,soil water content, and WUE as well as lower water consumption than prostrate whole straw mulching. Mulching with 50% chopped straw had the largest positive effects on maize yield, soil water content, and WUE among the five mulching treatments. Tillage had greater influence on maize yield than straw mulching, whereas straw mulching had greater influence on soil water content, water consumption, and WUE than tillage. These results suggest that 50% chopped straw mulching with subsoil tillage is beneficial in spring maize production aiming at high yield and high WUE in the Huang–Huai–Hai valley.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Subsoil tillage decreased water consumption by 6.3–7.8% compared with rotary tillage in spring maize.
- Treatment
- subsoil tillagee1
- Outcome
- water consumptione1
- Direction
- decreasese1
- Value
- 6.3–7.8%e1
- Comparator
- rotary tillagee1
- Setting
- northern Huang–Huai–Hai valley of Chinae0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the northern Huang–Huai–Hai valley of China”
e1“Compared to rotary tillage, subsoil tillage resulted in decreases in water consumption by 6.3–7.8% and increases in maize yield by 644.5–673.9 kg ha-1, soil water content by 2.9–3.0%, and WUE by 12.7–15.2%”
Claim · model-written summary
Subsoil tillage increased maize yield by 644.5–673.9 kg ha-1 compared with rotary tillage.
- Treatment
- subsoil tillagee1
- Outcome
- maize yielde1
- Direction
- increasese1
- Value
- 644.5–673.9 kg ha-1e1
- Comparator
- rotary tillagee1
- Setting
- northern Huang–Huai–Hai valley of Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the northern Huang–Huai–Hai valley of China”
e1“Compared to rotary tillage, subsoil tillage resulted in decreases in water consumption by 6.3–7.8% and increases in maize yield by 644.5–673.9 kg ha-1, soil water content by 2.9–3.0%, and WUE by 12.7–15.2%”
Claim · model-written summary
Subsoil tillage increased soil water content by 2.9–3.0% compared with rotary tillage.
- Treatment
- subsoil tillagee1
- Outcome
- soil water contente1
- Direction
- increasese1
- Value
- 2.9–3.0%e1
- Comparator
- rotary tillagee1
- Setting
- northern Huang–Huai–Hai valley of Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the northern Huang–Huai–Hai valley of China”
e1“Compared to rotary tillage, subsoil tillage resulted in decreases in water consumption by 6.3–7.8% and increases in maize yield by 644.5–673.9 kg ha-1, soil water content by 2.9–3.0%, and WUE by 12.7–15.2%”
Claim · model-written summary
Subsoil tillage increased WUE by 12.7–15.2% compared with rotary tillage.
- Treatment
- subsoil tillagee1
- Outcome
- WUEe1
- Direction
- increasese1
- Value
- 12.7–15.2%e1
- Comparator
- rotary tillagee1
- Setting
- northern Huang–Huai–Hai valley of Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the northern Huang–Huai–Hai valley of China”
e1“Compared to rotary tillage, subsoil tillage resulted in decreases in water consumption by 6.3–7.8% and increases in maize yield by 644.5–673.9 kg ha-1, soil water content by 2.9–3.0%, and WUE by 12.7–15.2%”
Claim · model-written summary
Chopped straw mulching gave higher maize yield, soil water content and WUE than prostrate whole straw mulching.
- Treatment
- Chopped straw mulchinge2
- Outcome
- yield,soil water content, and WUEe2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- prostrate whole straw mulchinge2
- Setting
- northern Huang–Huai–Hai valley of Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the northern Huang–Huai–Hai valley of China”
e1“Compared to rotary tillage, subsoil tillage resulted in decreases in water consumption by 6.3–7.8% and increases in maize yield by 644.5–673.9 kg ha-1, soil water content by 2.9–3.0%, and WUE by 12.7–15.2%”
e2“Chopped straw mulching led to higher yield,soil water content, and WUE as well as lower water consumption than prostrate whole straw mulching”
Claim · model-written summary
Chopped straw mulching gave lower water consumption than prostrate whole straw mulching.
- Treatment
- Chopped straw mulchinge2
- Outcome
- water consumptione2
- Direction
- lowere2
- Comparator
- prostrate whole straw mulchinge2
- Setting
- northern Huang–Huai–Hai valley of Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the northern Huang–Huai–Hai valley of China”
e1“Compared to rotary tillage, subsoil tillage resulted in decreases in water consumption by 6.3–7.8% and increases in maize yield by 644.5–673.9 kg ha-1, soil water content by 2.9–3.0%, and WUE by 12.7–15.2%”
e2“Chopped straw mulching led to higher yield,soil water content, and WUE as well as lower water consumption than prostrate whole straw mulching”
Claim · model-written summary
50% chopped straw mulching had the largest positive effects on maize yield, soil water content and WUE among the five mulching treatments.
- Treatment
- 50% chopped strawe3
- Outcome
- maize yield, soil water content, and WUEe3
- Direction
- higherinferrede3
- Comparator
- the five mulching treatmentse3
- Setting
- northern Huang–Huai–Hai valley of Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the northern Huang–Huai–Hai valley of China”
e3“Mulching with 50% chopped straw had the largest positive effects on maize yield, soil water content, and WUE among the five mulching treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage had a greater influence on maize yield than straw mulching.
- Treatment
- Tillagee4
- Outcome
- maize yielde4
- Direction
- greatere4
- Comparator
- straw mulchinge4
- Setting
- northern Huang–Huai–Hai valley of Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the northern Huang–Huai–Hai valley of China”
e4“Tillage had greater influence on maize yield than straw mulching”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw mulching had a greater influence on soil water content, water consumption and WUE than tillage.
- Treatment
- straw mulchinge5
- Outcome
- soil water content, water consumption, and WUEe5
- Direction
- greatere5
- Comparator
- tillagee5
- Setting
- northern Huang–Huai–Hai valley of Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the northern Huang–Huai–Hai valley of China”
e1“Compared to rotary tillage, subsoil tillage resulted in decreases in water consumption by 6.3–7.8% and increases in maize yield by 644.5–673.9 kg ha-1, soil water content by 2.9–3.0%, and WUE by 12.7–15.2%”
e5“whereas straw mulching had greater influence on soil water content, water consumption, and WUE than tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
Subsoil tillage with 50% chopped straw mulching is beneficial in spring maize production aiming at high yield and high WUE in the Huang–Huai–Hai valley.
- Treatment
- 50% chopped straw mulching with subsoil tillagee6
- Outcome
- high yield and high WUEe6
- Setting
- Huang–Huai–Hai valleye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“These results suggest that 50% chopped straw mulching with subsoil tillage is beneficial in spring maize production aiming at high yield and high WUE in the Huang–Huai–Hai valley”
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