Abstract
Dried pulses such as fababean and cowpea are the larger consumed seeds as a protein sources in Egypt and the developing nations, unfortunately, they are infested by several insects from which is Cowpea beetle(Callosobruchus maculatus, F.). A multiple microwave power oven operating at 2.45GHz and 1000W output power at various power levels and exposure times was used in this study to determine their effect on all life stages of C. maculatus in fababean and cowpea seeds. Pulses samples of 100g was infested with stored-pulse insect C. maculatus at all life stages and then exposed to microwave energy at four power levels 200, 400, 600 and 800W at three exposure times of 20, 30 and 40s. The effect of microwave treatments on an insect lethal temperature and adult's mortality, egg hatchability and reduction of their progeny for all life stages and seed quality was evaluated. The average insect lethal temperatures of cowpea and fababean at 400W, 30s, 400W, 40s, 600W, 20s and 600W, 30s were around 52, 55, 58 and 60±1.5oC, respectively. The adult mortality and their reduction of progeny increased and egg hatchability decreased significantly in the infested cowpea and fababean seeds with an increase in power level or exposure time or both. Complete adults mortality (100%) and reduction of their progeny were achieved for all C. maculatus life stages in cowpea seeds at 600W for an exposure time of 20s or at 400W for an exposure time of 30s. While, in fababean seeds the mortality was achieved at 600W, 30s or at 400W and 40s exposure time, except for pupal stage which was obtained at 800W and 20s or at 600W and 30s exposure time. Among the life stages of C. maculatus in pulses, eggs were the most susceptible to the microwave energy followed by larval, adults and the least susceptible was the pupal. Disinfestation of insects using microwaves did not leave undesirable residues and meanwhile, reduces insect reproduction. There was no significant difference in the protein content of microwave-treated and control pulses, while the seed germination percentage significantly reduced.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing microwave power or exposure time significantly increased cowpea beetle adult mortality and progeny reduction in cowpea and fababean seeds.
- Taxon
- cowpea and fababean
Vicia faba
Vigna unguiculatae0 - Treatment
- increase in power level or exposure time or bothe0
- Outcome
- adult mortality and their reduction of progenye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedInteractorComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The adult mortality and their reduction of progeny increased and egg hatchability decreased significantly in the infested cowpea and fababean seeds with an increase in power level or exposure time or both.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing microwave power or exposure time significantly decreased beetle egg hatchability in cowpea and fababean seeds.
- Taxon
- cowpea and fababeanVicia fabaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- increase in power level or exposure time or bothe0
- Interactor
- C. maculatus
Callosobruchus maculatuse1pest - Outcome
- egg hatchabilitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The adult mortality and their reduction of progeny increased and egg hatchability decreased significantly in the infested cowpea and fababean seeds with an increase in power level or exposure time or both.”
e1“C. maculatus in fababean and cowpea seeds.”
Claim · model-written summary
Microwaves at 600W for 20s or 400W for 30s achieved 100% adult mortality and progeny reduction across C. maculatus stages in cowpea seeds.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- 600W for an exposure time of 20s or at 400W for an exposure time of 30se0
- Interactor
- C. maculatusCallosobruchus maculatuse0pest
- Outcome
- adults mortalitye0
- Direction
- Completee0
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Complete adults mortality (100%) and reduction of their progeny were achieved for all C. maculatus life stages in cowpea seeds at 600W for an exposure time of 20s or at 400W for an exposure time of 30s.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fababean beetle mortality was achieved at 600W for 30s or 400W for 40s, with higher treatment needed for pupae.
- Taxon
- fababeanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- 600W, 30s or at 400W and 40s exposure timee0
- Interactor
- C. maculatusCallosobruchus maculatuse1pest
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- achievede0
- Qualifier
- except for pupal stage which was obtained at 800W and 20s or at 600W and 30s exposure timee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in fababean seeds the mortality was achieved at 600W, 30s or at 400W and 40s exposure time, except for pupal stage which was obtained at 800W and 20s or at 600W and 30s exposure time.”
e1“C. maculatus in fababean and cowpea seeds.”
Claim · model-written summary
Eggs were the most microwave susceptible C. maculatus stage, followed by larvae, adults and pupae.
- Taxon
- cowpea and fababeanVicia fabaVigna unguiculatae1
- Interactor
- C. maculatusCallosobruchus maculatuse0pest
- Outcome
- eggs were the most susceptible to the microwave energy followed by larval, adults and the least susceptible was the pupale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the life stages of C. maculatus in pulses, eggs were the most susceptible to the microwave energy followed by larval, adults and the least susceptible was the pupal.”
e1“cowpea and fababean seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Microwave disinfestation left no undesirable residues and reduced insect reproduction.
- Taxon
- cowpea and fababeanVicia fabaVigna unguiculatae1
- Outcome
- did not leave undesirable residues and meanwhile, reduces insect reproductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Disinfestation of insects using microwaves did not leave undesirable residues and meanwhile, reduces insect reproduction.”
e1“cowpea and fababean seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein content did not differ significantly between microwave-treated and control pulses.
- Taxon
- cowpea and fababeanVicia fabaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- microwave-treatede0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- control pulsese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no significant difference in the protein content of microwave-treated and control pulses”
e1“cowpea and fababean seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Microwave treatment significantly reduced seed germination percentage.
- Taxon
- cowpea and fababeanVicia fabaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- microwave-treatede2
- Outcome
- seed germination percentagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control pulsese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while the seed germination percentage significantly reduced.”
e1“cowpea and fababean seeds”
e2“microwave-treated and control pulses”
The same questions in other papers
processing · quality: protein · Vicia faba (faba bean)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
processing · growth · Vicia faba (faba bean)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →processing · quality: protein · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →processing · growth · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.