Abstract
EGYPT is currently experiencing water shortage, which causes a threat to crop productivity and efficiency of water use, especially in light of the current climatic changes. A field experiment was done to study effect of irrigation intervals (12, 16 and 20 days), soil amendments (compost, biochar, polyacrylamide “PAM” and hydrogel) beside control and their interaction on root, morpho-physiological, yield and quality traits of soybean.1- Prolonging irrigation intervals up to 20 days significantly decreased root characters (length and dry weight of root, number and dry weight of nodules/ plant and nitrogenase activity), morphological characters (plant height, leaves number/ plant, leaf area and total dry weight/ plant), physiological traits (relative water content and chlorophyll), yield (pods number/ plant, number and weight of seeds/ pod, 100-seed weight and seed yields/ plant and fed) and quality (protein% and oil and protein yields/fed).2- Application of soil amendments caused a significant and positive effect on root, morpho-physiological characters as well as yield and seed quality compared to control. Hydrogel application produced the highest values of most abovementioned characters.3- The interaction revealed that highest values of most characters were obtained when plants were irrigated every 12 days and treated with hydrogel. Plants irrigated every 16 days produced the highest values of root length and oil yield when treated with PAM and hydrogel, respectively.4- Irrigation every 16 and 20 days can save water amounted to 18.62 and 27.82% compared to irrigation every 12 days, respectively. Irrigation every 16 days associated with hydrogel produced the highest values of water use efficiency (WUE) indicating that it was more effective for productivity and water consumption.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Extending irrigation to 20 days significantly reduced root traits, including nodules and nitrogenase activity.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe2 - Treatment
- 20 dayse0
- Outcome
- root characters (length and dry weight of root, number and dry weight of nodules/ plant and nitrogenase activity)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- 12e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prolonging irrigation intervals up to 20 days significantly decreased root characters (length and dry weight of root, number and dry weight of nodules/ plant and nitrogenase activity)”
e1“irrigation intervals (12, 16 and 20 days)”
e2“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Extending irrigation to 20 days significantly reduced height, leaf number, leaf area, and plant dry weight.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- 20 dayse0
- Outcome
- morphological characters (plant height, leaves number/ plant, leaf area and total dry weight/ plant)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- 12e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prolonging irrigation intervals up to 20 days significantly decreased root characters (length and dry weight of root, number and dry weight of nodules/ plant and nitrogenase activity), morphological characters (plant height, leaves number/ plant, leaf area and total dry weight/ plant)”
e1“irrigation intervals (12, 16 and 20 days)”
e2“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Extending irrigation to 20 days significantly reduced relative water content and chlorophyll.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- 20 dayse0
- Outcome
- physiological traits (relative water content and chlorophyll)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- 12e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prolonging irrigation intervals up to 20 days significantly decreased root characters (length and dry weight of root, number and dry weight of nodules/ plant and nitrogenase activity), morphological characters (plant height, leaves number/ plant, leaf area and total dry weight/ plant), physiological traits (relative water content and chlorophyll)”
e1“irrigation intervals (12, 16 and 20 days)”
e2“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Extending irrigation to 20 days significantly reduced yield components and seed yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- 20 dayse0
- Outcome
- yield (pods number/ plant, number and weight of seeds/ pod, 100-seed weight and seed yields/ plant and fed)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- 12e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prolonging irrigation intervals up to 20 days significantly decreased root characters (length and dry weight of root, number and dry weight of nodules/ plant and nitrogenase activity), morphological characters (plant height, leaves number/ plant, leaf area and total dry weight/ plant), physiological traits (relative water content and chlorophyll), yield (pods number/ plant, number and weight of seeds/ pod, 100-seed weight and seed yields/ plant and fed)”
e1“irrigation intervals (12, 16 and 20 days)”
e2“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Extending irrigation to 20 days significantly reduced protein percentage and oil and protein yields.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- 20 dayse0
- Outcome
- quality (protein% and oil and protein yields/fed)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- 12e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prolonging irrigation intervals up to 20 days significantly decreased root characters (length and dry weight of root, number and dry weight of nodules/ plant and nitrogenase activity), morphological characters (plant height, leaves number/ plant, leaf area and total dry weight/ plant), physiological traits (relative water content and chlorophyll), yield (pods number/ plant, number and weight of seeds/ pod, 100-seed weight and seed yields/ plant and fed) and quality (protein% and oil and protein yields/fed)”
e1“irrigation intervals (12, 16 and 20 days)”
e2“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil amendments significantly improved root and morphophysiological traits versus control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- soil amendmentse0
- Outcome
- root, morpho-physiological characterse0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of soil amendments caused a significant and positive effect on root, morpho-physiological characters as well as yield and seed quality compared to control”
e1“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil amendments significantly improved yield and seed quality versus control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- soil amendmentse0
- Outcome
- yield and seed qualitye0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of soil amendments caused a significant and positive effect on root, morpho-physiological characters as well as yield and seed quality compared to control”
e1“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogel produced the highest values for most reported traits.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Hydrogel applicatione0
- Outcome
- most abovementioned characterse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hydrogel application produced the highest values of most abovementioned characters”
e1“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigating every 12 days with hydrogel gave the highest values for most traits.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- irrigated every 12 days and treated with hydrogele0
- Outcome
- most characterse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest values of most characters were obtained when plants were irrigated every 12 days and treated with hydrogel”
e1“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
PAM with 16-day irrigation gave the highest root length.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- irrigated every 16 dayse0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- PAMe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants irrigated every 16 days produced the highest values of root length and oil yield when treated with PAM and hydrogel, respectively”
e1“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogel with 16-day irrigation gave the highest oil yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- hydrogele0
- Outcome
- oil yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- irrigated every 16 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants irrigated every 16 days produced the highest values of root length and oil yield when treated with PAM and hydrogel, respectively”
e1“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation every 16 days saved 18.62% water relative to every 12 days.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Irrigation every 16e0
- Outcome
- save watere0
- Direction
- savee0
- Value
- 18.62e0
- Comparator
- irrigation every 12 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation every 16 and 20 days can save water amounted to 18.62 and 27.82% compared to irrigation every 12 days, respectively”
e1“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation every 20 days saved 27.82% water relative to every 12 days.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- 20 dayse0
- Outcome
- save watere0
- Direction
- savee0
- Value
- 27.82%e0
- Comparator
- irrigation every 12 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation every 16 and 20 days can save water amounted to 18.62 and 27.82% compared to irrigation every 12 days, respectively”
e1“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation every 16 days with hydrogel gave the highest water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Irrigation every 16 days associated with hydrogele0
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation every 16 days associated with hydrogel produced the highest values of water use efficiency (WUE)”
e1“soybean”
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