Abstract
Salinization of soil is a global environmental concern. To bioremediate or use saline-alkali lands, most studies focused on screening of halophytes and breeding of saline-tolerant non-halophyte vegetables. Seldom studies investigated effects of salinity on general landscape plants, which are important for landscape construction in urban areas. In the present study, effects of salinity on seed germination and seedling growth of the perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne were investigated. The final seed germination rate was not affected at salinity up to 6.4‰. Partial seedlings wilted in all saline treatments and the mortality of L. perenne was positively correlated with salinity. Treatments with salinity equal to or lower than 1.6‰ did not affect length and dry weight of shoot and root. These results suggested that L. perenne could be sowed and then grow well in low-salinity areas. To explore the underlying physiological mechanisms, contents of photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant indices were determined. The results showed that contents of chlorophyll a , b and carotenoid significantly decreased in all saline treatments, in comparison to the control. Similarly, activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase decreased and contents of glutathione and malondialdehyde increased in saline treatments. Additionally, transcriptome analysis identified 792 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in L. perenne shoots between 6.4‰ saline treatment and the control. Compared with the control, genes in relation to iron transportation and amino acid metabolism were downregulated, but genes participating in energy metabolism were upregulated. These changes would inhibit toxicity of ion accumulation and provide more energy for plants to resist saline stress.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity up to 6.4‰ did not affect the final seed germination rate of L. perenne.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenne
Lolium perennee0 - Treatment
- salinity up to 6.4‰e1
- Outcome
- final seed germination ratee1
- Direction
- not affectede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne”
e1“The final seed germination rate was not affected at salinity up to 6.4‰”
Claim · model-written summary
Mortality of L. perenne was positively correlated with salinity.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee0
- Treatment
- salinitye2
- Outcome
- mortalitye2
- Direction
- positively correlatede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne”
e2“the mortality of L. perenne was positively correlated with salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
Partial seedlings of L. perenne wilted in all saline treatments.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee0
- Treatment
- saline treatmentse3
- Outcome
- wiltede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne”
e3“Partial seedlings wilted in all saline treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot and root length and dry weight of L. perenne were not affected at salinity equal to or lower than 1.6‰.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee0
- Treatment
- salinity equal to or lower than 1.6‰e4
- Outcome
- length and dry weight of shoot and roote4
- Direction
- did not affecte4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne”
e4“Treatments with salinity equal to or lower than 1.6‰ did not affect length and dry weight of shoot and root”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid contents of L. perenne decreased significantly in all saline treatments compared with the control.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee0
- Treatment
- all saline treatmentse5
- Outcome
- contents of chlorophyll a , b and carotenoide5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Comparator
- the controle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne”
e5“contents of chlorophyll a , b and carotenoid significantly decreased in all saline treatments, in comparison to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities of L. perenne decreased in saline treatments.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee0
- Treatment
- saline treatmentse6
- Outcome
- activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidasee6
- Direction
- decreasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne”
e6“activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase decreased and contents of glutathione and malondialdehyde increased in saline treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutathione and malondialdehyde contents of L. perenne increased in saline treatments.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee0
- Treatment
- saline treatmentse6
- Outcome
- contents of glutathione and malondialdehydee6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne”
e6“activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase decreased and contents of glutathione and malondialdehyde increased in saline treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot transcriptome analysis identified 792 differentially expressed genes between the 6.4‰ saline treatment and the control.
- Taxon
- L. perenneLolium perennee7
- Organ / stage
- shootse7
- Treatment
- 6.4‰ saline treatmente7
- Outcome
- differentially expressed genes (DEGs)e7
- Value
- 792e7
- Comparator
- the controle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“transcriptome analysis identified 792 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in L. perenne shoots between 6.4‰ saline treatment and the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Genes related to iron transportation and amino acid metabolism were downregulated in shoots under 6.4‰ saline treatment compared with the control.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee0
- Treatment
- 6.4‰ saline treatmente1
- Outcome
- genes in relation to iron transportation and amino acid metabolisme2
- Direction
- downregulatede2
- Comparator
- the controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne”
e1“transcriptome analysis identified 792 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in L. perenne shoots between 6.4‰ saline treatment and the control”
e2“Compared with the control, genes in relation to iron transportation and amino acid metabolism were downregulated”
Claim · model-written summary
Genes participating in energy metabolism were upregulated in shoots under 6.4‰ saline treatment compared with the control.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee0
- Treatment
- 6.4‰ saline treatmente1
- Outcome
- genes participating in energy metabolisme3
- Direction
- upregulatede3
- Comparator
- the controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne”
e1“transcriptome analysis identified 792 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in L. perenne shoots between 6.4‰ saline treatment and the control”
e2“Compared with the control, genes in relation to iron transportation and amino acid metabolism were downregulated”
e3“but genes participating in energy metabolism were upregulated”
Claim · model-written summary
L. perenne could be sown and grow well in low-salinity areas.
- Taxon
- L. perenneLolium perennee1
- Outcome
- grow well in low-salinity arease1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“These results suggested that L. perenne could be sowed and then grow well in low-salinity areas”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.