Abstract
Plants possess abiotic stress responses that alter photosynthetic metabolism under salinity stress. The objective of this study was to identify the stomatal and metabolic changes associated with photosynthetic responses to NaCl stress in perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne ). Five-week-old seedlings of two perennial ryegrass genotypes, PI 516605 (salt-sensitive) and BARLP 4317 (salt-tolerant), were subjected to 0 and 250 m m NaCl for 8 days. The salt tolerance in perennial ryegrass was significantly associated with leaf relative water content (RWC) and photosynthetic capacity through the maintenance of greater metabolic activities under prolonged salt stress. BARLP 4317 maintained greater turf quality, RWC, and stomatal limitations but a lower level of lipid peroxidation [malondialdehyde (MDA)] and intercellular CO 2 concentration than PI 516605 at 8 days after treatment (DAT). Ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase:oxygenase (Rubisco) activity and activation state, transcriptional level of rbcL gene, and expression level of Rubisco large subunit (LSU) declined in stressed perennial ryegrass but were higher in salt-tolerant genotype at 8 DAT. Furthermore, photosynthetic rate increased linearly with increasing Rubisco activity, Rubisco activation state, and RWC in both genotypes. The same linear relationship was found between RWC and Rubisco activity. However, MDA content decreased linearly with increasing RWC in both genotypes. Salinity-induced inhibition of photosynthesis in perennial ryegrass was mainly the result of stomatal limitation during early salt stress and metabolic limitation associated with the inhibition of RWC, activity of Rubisco, expression level of rbcL gene, and LSU under a prolonged period of severe salinity.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Salt tolerance in perennial ryegrass was significantly associated with leaf relative water content.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrass
Lolium perennee1 - Organ / stage
- leafe1
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee1
- Qualifier
- relative water content (RWC)e1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Resulting from NaCl Stress in Perennial Ryegrass”
e1“The salt tolerance in perennial ryegrass was significantly associated with leaf relative water content (RWC) and photosynthetic capacity through the maintenance of greater metabolic activities under prolonged salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
BARLP 4317 had greater turf quality than PI 516605 at 8 days after treatment.
- Taxon
- Perennial RyegrassLolium perennet0
- Material
- BARLP 4317e2
- Outcome
- turf qualitye2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Comparator
- PI 516605e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Resulting from NaCl Stress in Perennial Ryegrass”
e2“BARLP 4317 maintained greater turf quality, RWC, and stomatal limitations but a lower level of lipid peroxidation [malondialdehyde (MDA)] and intercellular CO 2 concentration than PI 516605 at 8 days after treatment (DAT)”
Claim · model-written summary
BARLP 4317 had greater RWC than PI 516605 at 8 days after treatment.
- Taxon
- Perennial RyegrassLolium perennet0
- Material
- BARLP 4317e2
- Outcome
- RWCe2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Comparator
- PI 516605e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Resulting from NaCl Stress in Perennial Ryegrass”
e2“BARLP 4317 maintained greater turf quality, RWC, and stomatal limitations but a lower level of lipid peroxidation [malondialdehyde (MDA)] and intercellular CO 2 concentration than PI 516605 at 8 days after treatment (DAT)”
Claim · model-written summary
BARLP 4317 had greater stomatal limitations than PI 516605 at 8 days after treatment.
- Taxon
- Perennial RyegrassLolium perennet0
- Material
- BARLP 4317e2
- Outcome
- stomatal limitationse2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Comparator
- PI 516605e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Resulting from NaCl Stress in Perennial Ryegrass”
e2“BARLP 4317 maintained greater turf quality, RWC, and stomatal limitations but a lower level of lipid peroxidation [malondialdehyde (MDA)] and intercellular CO 2 concentration than PI 516605 at 8 days after treatment (DAT)”
Claim · model-written summary
BARLP 4317 had lower lipid peroxidation than PI 516605 at 8 days after treatment.
- Taxon
- Perennial RyegrassLolium perennet0
- Material
- BARLP 4317e2
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione2
- Direction
- lowere2
- Comparator
- PI 516605e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Resulting from NaCl Stress in Perennial Ryegrass”
e2“BARLP 4317 maintained greater turf quality, RWC, and stomatal limitations but a lower level of lipid peroxidation [malondialdehyde (MDA)] and intercellular CO 2 concentration than PI 516605 at 8 days after treatment (DAT)”
Claim · model-written summary
BARLP 4317 had lower intercellular CO2 concentration than PI 516605 at 8 days after treatment.
- Taxon
- Perennial RyegrassLolium perennet0
- Material
- BARLP 4317e2
- Outcome
- intercellular CO 2 concentratione2
- Direction
- lowere2
- Comparator
- PI 516605e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Resulting from NaCl Stress in Perennial Ryegrass”
e2“BARLP 4317 maintained greater turf quality, RWC, and stomatal limitations but a lower level of lipid peroxidation [malondialdehyde (MDA)] and intercellular CO 2 concentration than PI 516605 at 8 days after treatment (DAT)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress declined Rubisco activity and activation state in perennial ryegrass.
- Taxon
- Perennial RyegrassLolium perennet0
- Treatment
- NaCl Stresst0
- Outcome
- (Rubisco) activity and activation statee3
- Direction
- declinede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Resulting from NaCl Stress in Perennial Ryegrass”
e3“Ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase:oxygenase (Rubisco) activity and activation state, transcriptional level of rbcL gene, and expression level of Rubisco large subunit (LSU) declined in stressed perennial ryegrass but were higher in salt-tolerant genotype at 8 DAT”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress declined transcriptional level of the rbcL gene in perennial ryegrass.
- Taxon
- Perennial RyegrassLolium perennet0
- Treatment
- NaCl Stresst0
- Gene
- rbcLe3
- Outcome
- transcriptional level of rbcL genee3
- Direction
- declinede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Resulting from NaCl Stress in Perennial Ryegrass”
e3“Ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase:oxygenase (Rubisco) activity and activation state, transcriptional level of rbcL gene, and expression level of Rubisco large subunit (LSU) declined in stressed perennial ryegrass but were higher in salt-tolerant genotype at 8 DAT”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress declined expression of the Rubisco large subunit in perennial ryegrass.
- Taxon
- Perennial RyegrassLolium perennet0
- Treatment
- NaCl Stresst0
- Gene
- Rubisco large subunite3
- Outcome
- expression level of Rubisco large subunit (LSU)e3
- Direction
- declinede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Resulting from NaCl Stress in Perennial Ryegrass”
e3“Ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase:oxygenase (Rubisco) activity and activation state, transcriptional level of rbcL gene, and expression level of Rubisco large subunit (LSU) declined in stressed perennial ryegrass but were higher in salt-tolerant genotype at 8 DAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Rubisco activity was higher in the salt-tolerant genotype under NaCl stress.
- Taxon
- Perennial RyegrassLolium perennet0
- Material
- salt-tolerant genotypee3
- Outcome
- (Rubisco) activitye3
- Direction
- highere3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Resulting from NaCl Stress in Perennial Ryegrass”
e3“Ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase:oxygenase (Rubisco) activity and activation state, transcriptional level of rbcL gene, and expression level of Rubisco large subunit (LSU) declined in stressed perennial ryegrass but were higher in salt-tolerant genotype at 8 DAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthetic rate increased linearly with Rubisco activity in both genotypes.
- Taxon
- Perennial RyegrassLolium perennet0
- Gene
- Rubiscoe4
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee4
- Direction
- increasede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Resulting from NaCl Stress in Perennial Ryegrass”
e4“photosynthetic rate increased linearly with increasing Rubisco activity, Rubisco activation state, and RWC in both genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Rubisco activity was linearly related to RWC in perennial ryegrass.
- Taxon
- Perennial RyegrassLolium perennet0
- Gene
- Rubiscoe5
- Outcome
- Rubisco activitye5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Resulting from NaCl Stress in Perennial Ryegrass”
e5“The same linear relationship was found between RWC and Rubisco activity”
Claim · model-written summary
MDA content decreased linearly with increasing RWC in both genotypes.
- Taxon
- Perennial RyegrassLolium perennet0
- Material
- both genotypese6
- Outcome
- MDA contente6
- Direction
- decreasede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Resulting from NaCl Stress in Perennial Ryegrass”
e6“MDA content decreased linearly with increasing RWC in both genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity-induced photosynthesis inhibition in perennial ryegrass was mainly stomatal limitation during early salt stress.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee7
- Outcome
- inhibition of photosynthesise7
- Qualifier
- stomatal limitation during early salt stresse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Salinity-induced inhibition of photosynthesis in perennial ryegrass was mainly the result of stomatal limitation during early salt stress and metabolic limitation associated with the inhibition of RWC, activity of Rubisco, expression level of rbcL gene, and LSU under a prolonged period of severe salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity-induced photosynthesis inhibition in perennial ryegrass was also metabolic limitation under prolonged severe salinity.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee7
- Outcome
- inhibition of photosynthesise7
- Qualifier
- metabolic limitation associated with the inhibition of RWCe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Salinity-induced inhibition of photosynthesis in perennial ryegrass was mainly the result of stomatal limitation during early salt stress and metabolic limitation associated with the inhibition of RWC, activity of Rubisco, expression level of rbcL gene, and LSU under a prolonged period of severe salinity”
The same questions in other papers
sodium chloride · molecular: expression · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- negative
salinity · molecular: expression · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Positive and negative results
4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →salinity · physiology: photosynthesis · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.