Abstract
The most serious citrus postharvest diseases are citrus green mould caused by Penicillium digitatum and citrus blue mould caused by Penicillium italicum. Marine microorganisms have become a new measure in the control of these diseases. In this study, we isolated 56 marine actinomycetes, and strain AM-4 isolated from Drupa granulata exhibited the strongest antagonistic activity against P. digitatum. Molecular, morphological, cultural and physio-biochemical analysis identified strain AM-4 as Streptomyces chumphonensis. Strain AM-4 also exhibited antagonistic activity against 11 other phytopathogens, with an inhibition zone width ranging from 0.65 ± 0.04 to 2.35 ± 0.02 cm. The mycelial growth inhibition rates of the fermentation liquid of strain AM-4 against P. digitatum and P. italicum were 66.23% and 61.42%, respectively, and the conidial germination inhibition rates were 65.77% and 62.13%, respectively. The relative control efficacy of the gradient-diluted fermentation extracts of strain AM-4 against citrus green mould caused by P. digitatum ranged from 77.95% to 92.91% at 5 days post inoculation and 56.30% to 87.22% 10 days after inoculation. The relative control efficacy of the gradient diluted fermentation extracts of strain AM-4 against citrus blue mould caused by P. italicum ranged from 61.32% to 84.91% 5 days after inoculation and from 51.34% to 80.92% 10 days after inoculation. The relative control efficacy of the fermentation extracts of strain AM-4 was even better than prochloraz against citrus green mould caused by prochloraz-resistant P. digitatum. Therefore, as a biological control strain, AM-4 has a good prospect for development and utilization potential.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
AM-4 showed the strongest antagonistic activity against P. digitatum among isolates.
- Material
- strain AM-4e0
- Interactor
- P. digitatum
Penicillium digitatume0pathogen - Outcome
- antagonistic activity against P. digitatume0
- Direction
- strongeste0
CitrusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strain AM-4 isolated from Drupa granulata exhibited the strongest antagonistic activity against P. digitatum”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
AM-4 was identified as Streptomyces chumphonensis.
- Interactor
- Streptomyces chumphonensisStreptomyces chumphonensise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- identified strain AM-4 as Streptomyces chumphonensise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“identified strain AM-4 as Streptomyces chumphonensis”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
AM-4 inhibited 11 other phytopathogens with zones of 0.65 ± 0.04 to 2.35 ± 0.02 cm.
- Interactor
- phytopathogense0pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibition zone widthe0
- Value
- 0.65 ± 0.04 to 2.35 ± 0.02 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strain AM-4 also exhibited antagonistic activity against 11 other phytopathogens, with an inhibition zone width ranging from 0.65 ± 0.04 to 2.35 ± 0.02 cm”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
AM-4 fermentation liquid inhibited P. digitatum mycelial growth by 66.23%.
- Treatment
- fermentation liquid of strain AM-4e0
- Interactor
- P. digitatumPenicillium digitatume0pathogen
- Outcome
- mycelial growth inhibition ratese0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 66.23%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mycelial growth inhibition rates of the fermentation liquid of strain AM-4 against P. digitatum and P. italicum were 66.23% and 61.42%, respectively”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
AM-4 fermentation liquid inhibited P. italicum mycelial growth by 61.42%.
- Treatment
- fermentation liquid of strain AM-4e0
- Interactor
- P. italicum
Penicillium italicume0pathogen - Outcome
- mycelial growth inhibition ratese0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 61.42%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mycelial growth inhibition rates of the fermentation liquid of strain AM-4 against P. digitatum and P. italicum were 66.23% and 61.42%, respectively”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
AM-4 fermentation liquid inhibited P. digitatum conidial germination by 65.77%.
- Treatment
- fermentation liquid of strain AM-4e1
- Interactor
- P. digitatumPenicillium digitatume1pathogen
- Outcome
- conidial germination inhibition ratese0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 65.77%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the conidial germination inhibition rates were 65.77% and 62.13%, respectively”
e1“The mycelial growth inhibition rates of the fermentation liquid of strain AM-4 against P. digitatum and P. italicum were 66.23% and 61.42%, respectively”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
AM-4 fermentation liquid inhibited P. italicum conidial germination by 62.13%.
Not reportedInteractorTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the conidial germination inhibition rates were 65.77% and 62.13%, respectively”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
AM-4 extracts controlled citrus green mould by 77.95% to 92.91% at five days.
- Treatment
- gradient-diluted fermentation extracts of strain AM-4e0
- Interactor
- P. digitatumPenicillium digitatume0pathogen
- Outcome
- relative control efficacye0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- 77.95% to 92.91%e0
- Qualifier
- 5 days post inoculatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative control efficacy of the gradient-diluted fermentation extracts of strain AM-4 against citrus green mould caused by P. digitatum ranged from 77.95% to 92.91% at 5 days post inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
AM-4 extracts controlled citrus green mould by 56.30% to 87.22% at ten days.
- Interactor
- P. digitatumPenicillium digitatume1pathogen
- Outcome
- citrus green moulde1
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Value
- 56.30% to 87.22%e0
- Qualifier
- 10 days after inoculatione0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“56.30% to 87.22% 10 days after inoculation”
e1“The relative control efficacy of the gradient-diluted fermentation extracts of strain AM-4 against citrus green mould caused by P. digitatum ranged from 77.95% to 92.91% at 5 days post inoculation”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
AM-4 extracts controlled citrus blue mould by 61.32% to 84.91% at five days.
- Treatment
- gradient diluted fermentation extracts of strain AM-4e0
- Interactor
- P. italicumPenicillium italicume0pathogen
- Outcome
- relative control efficacye0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- 61.32% to 84.91%e0
- Qualifier
- 5 days after inoculatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative control efficacy of the gradient diluted fermentation extracts of strain AM-4 against citrus blue mould caused by P. italicum ranged from 61.32% to 84.91% 5 days after inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
AM-4 extracts controlled citrus blue mould by 51.34% to 80.92% at ten days.
- Interactor
- P. italicumPenicillium italicume1pathogen
- Outcome
- citrus blue moulde1
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Value
- 51.34% to 80.92%e0
- Qualifier
- 10 days after inoculatione0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“from 51.34% to 80.92% 10 days after inoculation”
e1“The relative control efficacy of the gradient diluted fermentation extracts of strain AM-4 against citrus blue mould caused by P. italicum ranged from 61.32% to 84.91% 5 days after inoculation”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
AM-4 extracts outperformed prochloraz against resistant P. digitatum citrus green mould.
- Treatment
- fermentation extracts of strain AM-4e0
- Interactor
- P. digitatumPenicillium digitatume0pathogen
- Outcome
- relative control efficacye0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- prochloraze0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative control efficacy of the fermentation extracts of strain AM-4 was even better than prochloraz against citrus green mould caused by prochloraz-resistant P. digitatum”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors see development potential for AM-4 as a biological control strain.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as a biological control strain, AM-4 has a good prospect for development and utilization potential”
t0“citrus”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · Penicillium digitatum · CitrusPositive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →processing · Penicillium italicum · CitrusResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
processing · Penicillium digitatum · CitrusResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
botanical · Penicillium italicum · CitrusResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.