Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae, a major hemibiotrophic bacterial pathogen, causes many devastating plant diseases. However, the transcriptional regulation of plant defense responses to P. syringae remains largely unknown. Here, we found that gain-of-function of BTB AND TAZ DOMAIN PROTEIN 4 (BT4) enhanced the resistance of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to Pst DC3000 (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000). Disruption of BT4 also weakened the salicylic acid (SA)-induced defense response to Pst DC3000 in bt4 mutants. Further investigation indicated that, under Pst infection, transcription of BT4 is modulated by components of both the SA and ethylene (ET) signaling pathways. Intriguingly, the specific binding elements of ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) proteins, including dehydration responsive/C-repeat elements and the GCC box, were found in the putative promoter of BT4. Based on publicly available microarray data and transcriptional confirmation, we determined that ERF11 is inducible by salicylic acid and Pst DC3000 and is modulated by the SA and ET signaling pathways. Consistent with the function of BT4, loss-of-function of ERF11 weakened Arabidopsis resistance to Pst DC3000 and the SA-induced defense response. Biochemical and molecular assays revealed that ERF11 binds specifically to the GCC box of the BT4 promoter to activate its transcription. Genetic studies further revealed that the BT4-regulated Arabidopsis defense response to Pst DC3000 functions directly downstream of ERF11. Our findings indicate that transcriptional activation of BT4 by ERF11 is a key step in SA/ET-regulated plant resistance against Pst DC3000, enhancing our understanding of plant defense responses to hemibiotrophic bacterial pathogens.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Gain-of-function of BT4 enhanced Arabidopsis resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Treatment
- gain-of-function of BTB AND TAZ DOMAIN PROTEIN 4 (BT4)e0
- Interactor
- Pst DC3000e0pathogen
- Gene
- BT4e0
- Outcome
- resistancee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gain-of-function of BTB AND TAZ DOMAIN PROTEIN 4 (BT4) enhanced the resistance of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to Pst DC3000 (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000)”
Claim · model-written summary
Disruption of BT4 weakened the SA-induced defense response of Arabidopsis to Pst DC3000.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- Disruption of BT4e1
- Interactor
- Pst DC3000e1pathogen
- Gene
- BT4e1
- Compound
- salicylic acid (SA)e1
- Outcome
- salicylic acid (SA)-induced defense responsee1
- Direction
- weakenede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gain-of-function of BTB AND TAZ DOMAIN PROTEIN 4 (BT4) enhanced the resistance of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to Pst DC3000 (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000)”
e1“Disruption of BT4 also weakened the salicylic acid (SA)-induced defense response to Pst DC3000 in bt4 mutants”
Claim · model-written summary
Under Pst infection, BT4 transcription is modulated by components of the SA and ET signaling pathways.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- Pst infectione2
- Gene
- BT4e2
- Compound
- SA and ethylene (ET) signaling pathwayse2
- Outcome
- transcription of BT4e2
- Direction
- modulatede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gain-of-function of BTB AND TAZ DOMAIN PROTEIN 4 (BT4) enhanced the resistance of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to Pst DC3000 (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000)”
e2“under Pst infection, transcription of BT4 is modulated by components of both the SA and ethylene (ET) signaling pathways”
Claim · model-written summary
Binding elements of ERF proteins (dehydration responsive/C-repeat elements and the GCC box) were found in the putative BT4 promoter in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Gene
- BT4e3
- Outcome
- specific binding elementse3
- Qualifier
- dehydration responsive/C-repeat elements and the GCC boxe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gain-of-function of BTB AND TAZ DOMAIN PROTEIN 4 (BT4) enhanced the resistance of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to Pst DC3000 (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000)”
e3“the specific binding elements of ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) proteins, including dehydration responsive/C-repeat elements and the GCC box, were found in the putative promoter of BT4”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid and Pst DC3000 induced ERF11 in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- salicylic acid and Pst DC3000e4
- Interactor
- Pst DC3000e4pathogen
- Gene
- ERF11e4
- Outcome
- ERF11e4
- Direction
- induciblee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gain-of-function of BTB AND TAZ DOMAIN PROTEIN 4 (BT4) enhanced the resistance of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to Pst DC3000 (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000)”
e4“ERF11 is inducible by salicylic acid and Pst DC3000”
Claim · model-written summary
ERF11 expression is modulated by the SA and ET signaling pathways in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Compound
- the SA and ET signaling pathwayse5
- Outcome
- ERF11e4
- Direction
- modulatede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gain-of-function of BTB AND TAZ DOMAIN PROTEIN 4 (BT4) enhanced the resistance of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to Pst DC3000 (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000)”
e4“ERF11 is inducible by salicylic acid and Pst DC3000”
e5“is modulated by the SA and ET signaling pathways”
Claim · model-written summary
Loss-of-function of ERF11 weakened Arabidopsis resistance to Pst DC3000 and the SA-induced defense response.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise6
- Treatment
- loss-of-function of ERF11e6
- Interactor
- Pst DC3000e6pathogen
- Gene
- ERF11e6
- Outcome
- resistancee6
- Direction
- weakenede6
- Qualifier
- SA-induced defense responsee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“loss-of-function of ERF11 weakened Arabidopsis resistance to Pst DC3000 and the SA-induced defense response”
Claim · model-written summary
ERF11 binds specifically to the GCC box of the BT4 promoter and activates its transcription.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Gene
- ERF11e7
- Outcome
- activate its transcriptione7
- Qualifier
- binds specifically to the GCC box of the BT4 promotere7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gain-of-function of BTB AND TAZ DOMAIN PROTEIN 4 (BT4) enhanced the resistance of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to Pst DC3000 (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000)”
e7“ERF11 binds specifically to the GCC box of the BT4 promoter to activate its transcription”
Claim · model-written summary
The BT4-regulated defense response to Pst DC3000 functions directly downstream of ERF11 in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise2
- Interactor
- Pst DC3000e2pathogen
- Gene
- ERF11e2
- Outcome
- defense response to Pst DC3000e2
- Qualifier
- functions directly downstream of ERF11e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gain-of-function of BTB AND TAZ DOMAIN PROTEIN 4 (BT4) enhanced the resistance of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to Pst DC3000 (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000)”
e2“the BT4-regulated Arabidopsis defense response to Pst DC3000 functions directly downstream of ERF11”
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