Paper · 2004 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Oleic acid levels regulated by glycerolipid metabolism modulate defense gene expression in Arabidopsis

Aardra Kachroo; Srivathsa C. Venugopal; Ludmila Lapchyk; et al.

11
claims
23
verbatim quotes
174
citations
3
research areas
✓
Open access

Abstract

Stearoyl-acyl-carrier-protein-desaturase-mediated conversion of stearic acid (18:0) to oleic acid (18:1) is a key step, which regulates levels of unsaturated fatty acids in cells. We previously showed that stearoyl-acyl-carrier-protein-desaturase mutants ssi2/fab2 carrying a loss-of-function mutation in the plastidial glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) acyltransferase (act1) have elevated 18:1 levels and are restored in their altered defense signaling. Because G3P is required for the acylation of 18:1 by G3P acyltransferase, it was predicted that reduction of G3P levels should increase 18:1 levels and thereby revert ssi2-triggered phenotypes. Here we show that a mutation in G3P dehydrogenase restores both salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-mediated phenotypes of ssi2 plants. The G3P dehydrogenase gene was identified by map-based cloning of the ssi2 suppressor mutant rdc8 (gly1-3) and confirmed by epistatic analysis of ssi2 with gly1-1. Restoration of ssi2-triggered phenotypes by the gly1-3 mutation was age-dependent and correlated with the levels of 18:1. Regeneration of G3P pools by glycerol application in ssi2 and ssi2 gly1-3 plants caused a marked reduction in the 18:1 levels, which rendered these plants hypersensitive to glycerol. This hypersensitivity in ssi2 was rescued by the act1 mutation. Furthermore, overexpression of the ACT1 gene resulted in enhanced sensitivity to glycerol. Glycerol application also lowered the 18:1 content in SSI2 plants and converted these into ssi2-mimics. Our results show that 18:1 levels in plastids are regulated by means of acylation with G3P, and a balance between G3P and 18:1 is critical for the regulation of salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-mediated signaling pathways.

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Claims 11

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A G3P dehydrogenase mutation restored salicylic acid and jasmonic acid mediated phenotypes in ssi2 plants.

Taxon
ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
Material
ssi2e0
Treatment
a mutation in G3P dehydrogenasee0
Gene
G3P dehydrogenasee0
Outcome
salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-mediated phenotypese0
Direction
restorese0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arabidopsis
Arabidopsis · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Original uploader was Brona at en.wikipedia . User:Roepers at nl.wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Here we show that a mutation in G3P dehydrogenase restores both salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-mediated phenotypes of ssi2 plants.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 643–776 · show in text ↑
t0

“in Arabidopsis”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 88–102 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The G3P dehydrogenase gene was identified by cloning rdc8 and confirmed by epistatic analysis.

Taxon
ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
Material
rdc8 (gly1-3)e0
Gene
G3P dehydrogenase genee0
Outcome
identified by map-based cloninge0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arabidopsis
Arabidopsis · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Original uploader was Brona at en.wikipedia . User:Roepers at nl.wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The G3P dehydrogenase gene was identified by map-based cloning of the ssi2 suppressor mutant rdc8 (gly1-3) and confirmed by epistatic analysis of ssi2 with gly1-1.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 777–940 · show in text ↑
t0

“in Arabidopsis”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 88–102 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Restoration of ssi2 phenotypes by gly1-3 was age dependent and correlated with 18:1 levels.

Taxon
ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
Gene
gly1-3e0
Compound
18:1e0
Outcome
Restoration of ssi2-triggered phenotypese0
Direction
correlatede0
Qualifier
age-dependente0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arabidopsis
Arabidopsis · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Original uploader was Brona at en.wikipedia . User:Roepers at nl.wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Restoration of ssi2-triggered phenotypes by the gly1-3 mutation was age-dependent and correlated with the levels of 18:1.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 941–1062 · show in text ↑
t0

“in Arabidopsis”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 88–102 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Glycerol application reduced 18:1 levels in ssi2 and ssi2 gly1-3 plants.

Taxon
ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
Material
ssi2 and ssi2 gly1-3 plantse0
Treatment
glycerol applicatione0
Outcome
18:1 levelse0
Direction
reductione0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arabidopsis
Arabidopsis · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Original uploader was Brona at en.wikipedia . User:Roepers at nl.wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Regeneration of G3P pools by glycerol application in ssi2 and ssi2 gly1-3 plants caused a marked reduction in the 18:1 levels”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1063–1188 · show in text ↑
t0

“in Arabidopsis”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 88–102 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Glycerol application rendered ssi2 and ssi2 gly1-3 plants hypersensitive to glycerol.

Taxon
ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
Material
ssi2 and ssi2 gly1-3 plantse0
Treatment
glycerol applicatione0
Outcome
hypersensitive to glycerole0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arabidopsis
Arabidopsis · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Original uploader was Brona at en.wikipedia . User:Roepers at nl.wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Regeneration of G3P pools by glycerol application in ssi2 and ssi2 gly1-3 plants caused a marked reduction in the 18:1 levels, which rendered these plants hypersensitive to glycerol.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1063–1245 · show in text ↑
t0

“in Arabidopsis”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 88–102 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The act1 mutation rescued glycerol hypersensitivity in ssi2 plants.

Taxon
ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
Material
ssi2e0
Treatment
act1 mutatione0
Gene
act1e0
Outcome
hypersensitivitye0
Direction
rescuede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arabidopsis
Arabidopsis · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Original uploader was Brona at en.wikipedia . User:Roepers at nl.wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“This hypersensitivity in ssi2 was rescued by the act1 mutation.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1246–1309 · show in text ↑
e1

“hypersensitive to glycerol”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1218–1244 · show in text ↑
t0

“in Arabidopsis”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 88–102 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

ACT1 overexpression enhanced sensitivity to glycerol.

Taxon
ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
Treatment
overexpression of the ACT1 genee0
Gene
ACT1 genee0
Outcome
sensitivity to glycerole0
Direction
enhancede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arabidopsis
Arabidopsis · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Original uploader was Brona at en.wikipedia . User:Roepers at nl.wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“overexpression of the ACT1 gene resulted in enhanced sensitivity to glycerol.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1323–1400 · show in text ↑
t0

“in Arabidopsis”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 88–102 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Glycerol application lowered 18:1 content in SSI2 plants.

Taxon
ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
Material
SSI2 plantse0
Treatment
Glycerol applicatione0
Outcome
18:1 contente0
Direction
lowerede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arabidopsis
Arabidopsis · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Original uploader was Brona at en.wikipedia . User:Roepers at nl.wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Glycerol application also lowered the 18:1 content in SSI2 plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1401–1466 · show in text ↑
t0

“in Arabidopsis”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 88–102 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Glycerol application converted SSI2 plants into ssi2 mimics.

Taxon
ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
Material
SSI2 plantse0
Treatment
Glycerol applicatione0
Outcome
ssi2-mimicse0
Direction
convertede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arabidopsis
Arabidopsis · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Original uploader was Brona at en.wikipedia . User:Roepers at nl.wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Glycerol application also lowered the 18:1 content in SSI2 plants and converted these into ssi2-mimics.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1401–1504 · show in text ↑
t0

“in Arabidopsis”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 88–102 · show in text ↑
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The authors conclude that plastid 18:1 levels are regulated by acylation with G3P.

Taxon
ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
Organ / stage
plastidse0
Compound
G3Pe0
Outcome
18:1 levels in plastidse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arabidopsis
Arabidopsis · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Original uploader was Brona at en.wikipedia . User:Roepers at nl.wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“18:1 levels in plastids are regulated by means of acylation with G3P”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1527–1595 · show in text ↑
t0

“in Arabidopsis”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 88–102 · show in text ↑
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The authors conclude that the G3P to 18:1 balance is critical for salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling.

Taxon
ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
Compound
G3P and 18:1e0
Outcome
salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-mediated signaling pathwayse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arabidopsis
Arabidopsis · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Original uploader was Brona at en.wikipedia . User:Roepers at nl.wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“a balance between G3P and 18:1 is critical for the regulation of salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-mediated signaling pathways.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1601–1728 · show in text ↑
t0

“in Arabidopsis”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 88–102 · show in text ↑

glycerol · molecular: metabolites · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results

2 papers: 1 positive, 1 negative or no effect

1 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
See all 2 papers →

loss of function · physiology: hormones · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results

60 papers: 8 positive, 52 negative or no effect

7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 52 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. negative
  3. negative

56 papers more in this group

See all 60 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.