Abstract
Botrytis fruit rot (BFR), caused by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea, is the most important disease of strawberry and is mainly controlled by applications of fungicides from multiple chemical groups. To develop more effective and sustainable BFR management programs, field trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of fluopyram and penthiopyrad, two newly registered succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs), rotated or tank mixed with the multisites thiram and captan or the single-sites fludioxonil and fenhexamid. The treatments were applied at two different strawberry fields during the 2013-14 and 2014-15 seasons. Overall, tank mixtures of fluopyram and penthiopyrad increased yield and reduced BFR better than rotations with the same fungicides. The multisite thiram tank mixed with fluopyram reduced BFR incidence by 63 to 86% versus 56 to 84% when the two fungicides were rotated. Thiram tank mixed with penthiopyrad reduced BFR incidence by 55 to 72% versus 42 to 66% when rotated. Captan rotated or tank mixed with fluopyram had a positive effect on yield and BFR incidence, whereas the combination of captan with penthiopyrad had negative impacts. Similarly, the single-site fenhexamid had significant positive impacts when rotated or tank mixed with fluopyram but resulted in poor BFR control when combined with penthiopyrad. The rotation of fludioxonil with both SDHIs had a significant positive effect, although its combination with fluopyram was more effective. The multirotation consisting of both SDHIs and different multi- and single-site fungicides did not provide a greater efficacy than the dual rotation or tank-mixture programs. Our findings suggest more scrutiny is needed when recommending tank-mixture or rotation partners for new fungicides to ensure compatibility and enhanced BFR management. Future recommendations should emphasize the importance of such selections at an early stage for delaying fungicide resistance development and extending the lifespan of at-risk fungicides.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Tank mixtures of fluopyram and penthiopyrad improved yield more than rotations.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- tank mixtures of fluopyram and penthiopyrade0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- rotations with the same fungicidese0
BotrytisOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Overall, tank mixtures of fluopyram and penthiopyrad increased yield and reduced BFR better than rotations with the same fungicides.”
t0“Botrytis Fruit Rot Control in Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Tank mixtures of fluopyram and penthiopyrad reduced fruit rot more than rotations.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- tank mixtures of fluopyram and penthiopyrade0
- Outcome
- BFRe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- rotations with the same fungicidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, tank mixtures of fluopyram and penthiopyrad increased yield and reduced BFR better than rotations with the same fungicides.”
t0“Botrytis Fruit Rot Control in Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiram mixed with fluopyram reduced fruit rot incidence 63 to 86%, versus 56 to 84% under rotation.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- thiram tank mixed with fluopyrame0
- Outcome
- BFR incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 63 to 86%e0
- Qualifier
- 56 to 84%e0
- Comparator
- the two fungicides were rotatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The multisite thiram tank mixed with fluopyram reduced BFR incidence by 63 to 86% versus 56 to 84% when the two fungicides were rotated.”
t0“Botrytis Fruit Rot Control in Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiram mixed with penthiopyrad reduced fruit rot incidence 55 to 72%, versus 42 to 66% under rotation.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Thiram tank mixed with penthiopyrade0
- Outcome
- BFR incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 55 to 72%e0
- Qualifier
- 42 to 66%e0
- Comparator
- when rotatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thiram tank mixed with penthiopyrad reduced BFR incidence by 55 to 72% versus 42 to 66% when rotated.”
t0“Botrytis Fruit Rot Control in Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Captan rotated or mixed with fluopyram positively affected yield and fruit rot incidence.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Captan rotated or tank mixed with fluopyrame0
- Outcome
- yield and BFR incidencee0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Captan rotated or tank mixed with fluopyram had a positive effect on yield and BFR incidence, whereas the combination of captan with penthiopyrad had negative impacts.”
t0“Botrytis Fruit Rot Control in Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Captan with penthiopyrad had negative impacts.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- combination of captan with penthiopyrade0
- Outcome
- negative impactse0
- Direction
- negative impactse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combination of captan with penthiopyrad had negative impacts.”
t0“Botrytis Fruit Rot Control in Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Fenhexamid rotated or mixed with fluopyram had significant positive impacts.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- fenhexamide0
- Outcome
- positive impactse0
- Direction
- positive impactse0
- Qualifier
- when rotated or tank mixed with fluopyrame0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the single-site fenhexamid had significant positive impacts when rotated or tank mixed with fluopyram but resulted in poor BFR control when combined with penthiopyrad.”
t0“Botrytis Fruit Rot Control in Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Fenhexamid with penthiopyrad controlled fruit rot poorly.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- combined with penthiopyrade0
- Outcome
- poor BFR controle0
- Direction
- poor BFR controle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulted in poor BFR control when combined with penthiopyrad.”
t0“Botrytis Fruit Rot Control in Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotating fludioxonil with both SDHIs had a significant positive effect, with fluopyram more effective.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- rotation of fludioxonil with both SDHIse0
- Outcome
- significant positive effecte0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
- Qualifier
- its combination with fluopyram was more effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rotation of fludioxonil with both SDHIs had a significant positive effect, although its combination with fluopyram was more effective.”
t0“Botrytis Fruit Rot Control in Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Multi-rotation did not exceed dual rotations or tank mixtures in efficacy.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- multirotation consisting of both SDHIs and different multi- and single-site fungicidese0
- Outcome
- efficacye0
- Direction
- did not provide a greatere0
- Comparator
- dual rotation or tank-mixture programse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The multirotation consisting of both SDHIs and different multi- and single-site fungicides did not provide a greater efficacy than the dual rotation or tank-mixture programs.”
t0“Botrytis Fruit Rot Control in Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend greater scrutiny in choosing mixture or rotation partners.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- more scrutiny is needed when recommending tank-mixture or rotation partnerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our findings suggest more scrutiny is needed when recommending tank-mixture or rotation partners for new fungicides to ensure compatibility and enhanced BFR management.”
t0“Botrytis Fruit Rot Control in Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Future recommendations should emphasize early partner selection to delay resistance and extend fungicide lifespan.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- such selections at an early stagee0
- Qualifier
- delaying fungicide resistance development and extending the lifespan of at-risk fungicidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Future recommendations should emphasize the importance of such selections at an early stage for delaying fungicide resistance development and extending the lifespan of at-risk fungicides.”
t0“Botrytis Fruit Rot Control in Strawberry”
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fludioxonil · Botrytis · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results agree
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- positive
fenhexamid · Botrytis · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results agree
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thiram · Botrytis · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results agree
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See all 5 papers →captan · Botrytis · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results agree
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1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.