Abstract
During the 1999-2000 and 2000-2001 growing seasons, field experiments were conducted to identify the developmental stage(s) of strawberry flowers and fruit that requires fungicide applications to control Botrytis fruit rot. Fenhexamid, a protectant fungicide, was applied to individual newly opened flowers or fruit of cultivar Sweet Charlie at defined intervals after anthesis. In 1999-2000, a single application of fenhexamid at anthesis controlled Botrytis fruit rot as well as multiple weekly applications beginning at anthesis. During both seasons, disease control deteriorated as applications were delayed 7 and 14 days after anthesis. This trend was described by linear regression equations relating the time of application to Botrytis fruit rot incidence. Additional treatments tested the effects of emasculation and petal removal 3 to 7 days after anthesis. Emasculation significantly reduced disease incidence in 2000-2001. Petal removal produced modest but significant reductions in 1999-2000, but not in 2000-2001. These results demonstrate that strawberry flowers are more susceptible to Botrytis cinerea than green fruit, and suggest that stamens are the principal infection court. Fungicide applications should focus on peak bloom periods to minimize fungicide use and optimize control of preharvest Botrytis fruit rot. During these periods, applications should be made at close intervals (≤7 days) to minimize losses to Botrytis.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
A single fenhexamid application at anthesis controlled rot as well as weekly applications.
- Taxon
- Strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- a single application of fenhexamid at anthesise0
- Outcome
- Botrytis fruit rote0
- Direction
- as well ase0
- Comparator
- multiple weekly applications beginning at anthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“a single application of fenhexamid at anthesis controlled Botrytis fruit rot as well as multiple weekly applications beginning at anthesis”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease control deteriorated when application was delayed seven days.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- delayed 7e0
- Outcome
- disease controle0
- Direction
- deterioratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“disease control deteriorated as applications were delayed 7 and 14 days after anthesis”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease control deteriorated when application was delayed fourteen days.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- 14 days after anthesise0
- Outcome
- disease controle0
- Direction
- deterioratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“disease control deteriorated as applications were delayed 7 and 14 days after anthesis”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
A linear regression described application time versus rot incidence.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- relating the time of application to Botrytis fruit rot incidencee0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This trend was described by linear regression equations relating the time of application to Botrytis fruit rot incidence.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Emasculation significantly reduced rot incidence in 2000–2001.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Emasculatione0
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 2000-2001e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Emasculation significantly reduced disease incidence in 2000-2001.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Petal removal modestly but significantly reduced rot incidence in 1999–2000.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Petal removale0
- Outcome
- reductionse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Qualifier
- 1999-2000e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Petal removal produced modest but significant reductions in 1999-2000”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Petal removal did not significantly reduce rot incidence in 2000–2001.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Petal removale0
- Outcome
- reductionse0
- Direction
- note0
- Qualifier
- 2000-2001e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Petal removal produced modest but significant reductions in 1999-2000, but not in 2000-2001.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Strawberry flowers were more susceptible to Botrytis cinerea than green fruit.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Organ / stage
- flowerse0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Outcome
- susceptible to Botrytis cinereae0
- Direction
- more susceptiblee0
- Comparator
- green fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strawberry flowers are more susceptible to Botrytis cinerea than green fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Stamens were proposed as the principal infection court.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Organ / stage
- stamense0
- Outcome
- principal infection courte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suggest that stamens are the principal infection court”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend fungicide application during peak bloom.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- focus on peak bloom periodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungicide applications should focus on peak bloom periods to minimize fungicide use and optimize control of preharvest Botrytis fruit rot.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
During peak bloom, the authors recommend application intervals of at most seven days.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- close intervals (≤7 days)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“applications should be made at close intervals (≤7 days) to minimize losses to Botrytis.”
t0“Strawberry”
The same questions in other papers
fenhexamid · Botrytis · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
pollination · disease · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.