Abstract
Botrytis fruit rot (BFR), caused by Botrytis cinerea, is a major strawberry disease. The intensive use of fungicides for its management has resulted in resistance to several fungicide groups, requiring alternatives to BFR management. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of bee vectoring technology (BVT) using Clonostachys rosea as a fungal biological control agent for BFR. BVT involves the use of bumble bees to carry C. rosea to strawberry flowers, where it can compete with B. cinerea. Three experiments were conducted on commercial farms in Florida during the 2016–17, 2017–18, and 2018–19 strawberry seasons. Treatments consisted of a nontreated control, fungicide standard program, BVT, and BVT + fungicide program. Fruits were harvested twice a week throughout the season to determine BFR incidence and yield, and postharvest activity was quantified during selected harvests. Temperature effect on mycelial growth was also determined for B. cinerea and C. rosea. The BVT + fungicide program reduced BFR incidence compared with the nontreated control in all seasons. However, BVT treatment by itself was not effective in improving yields or reducing disease incidence, likely due to highly favorable weather conditions for BFR in Florida. In addition, the low attractiveness of strawberry flowers to bumble bees and the fact that C. rosea is a better colonizer of strawberry leaves than flowers could also be limiting the effectiveness of BVT. Therefore, the BVT may be used in combination with fungicides to reduce BFR in strawberry production in Florida, but its cost-effectiveness still needs to be determined.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Bee vectoring plus fungicide reduced Botrytis fruit rot incidence relative to untreated strawberry in every season.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- BVT + fungicide programe0
- Second interactor
- Clonostachys rosea
Clonostachys roseat0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- BFR incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- in all seasonse0
- Comparator
- nontreated controle0
BotrytisOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The BVT + fungicide program reduced BFR incidence compared with the nontreated control in all seasons.”
t0“Using Clonostachys rosea as a Biological Control for Botrytis Fruit Rot of Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Bee vectoring alone did not improve strawberry yield.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- BVT treatmente0
- Interactor
- Clonostachys roseaClonostachys roseat0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- not effective in improvinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BVT treatment by itself was not effective in improving yields or reducing disease incidence”
t0“Using Clonostachys rosea as a Biological Control for Botrytis Fruit Rot of Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Bee vectoring alone did not reduce strawberry Botrytis fruit rot incidence.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- BVT treatmente0
- Second interactor
- Clonostachys roseaClonostachys roseat0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- not effective in improving yields or reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BVT treatment by itself was not effective in improving yields or reducing disease incidence”
t0“Using Clonostachys rosea as a Biological Control for Botrytis Fruit Rot of Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Clonostachys rosea colonized strawberry leaves better than flowers.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Interactor
- C. roseaClonostachys roseae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- better colonizer of strawberry leaves than flowerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C. rosea is a better colonizer of strawberry leaves than flowers”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest combining bee vectoring with fungicides to reduce strawberry fruit rot, pending a cost effectiveness assessment.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Outcome
- BVT may be used in combination with fungicides to reduce BFRe0
- Qualifier
- cost-effectiveness still needs to be determinede0
- Setting
- Floridae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the BVT may be used in combination with fungicides to reduce BFR in strawberry production in Florida, but its cost-effectiveness still needs to be determined”
The same questions in other papers
fungicide · Botrytis · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.