Abstract
Leaf removal and cluster thinning were carried out prior to veraison to evaluate the effects on berry quality of two Vitis vinifera cultivars (Cabernet Sauvignon and Ugni Blanc) in the Weibei Dryland of China in 2013 and 2014, and comprehensive analysis of the chemical and volatile composition in berries was performed. The results showed that content of reducing sugar in both varieties was not affected while total acid was generally decreased by leaf removal and cluster thinning. The pH of berry juice was correspondingly higher in most treatment groups. Meanwhile, promoting effects on accumulation of total phenols, tannin in both varieties and total anthocyanins in Cabernet Sauvignon were found. As for monomeric anthocyanins, percentage of malvidin and its derivatives was decreased by leaf removal and cluster thinning. Besides, cinnamylated anthocyanins decreased with the intensity of cluster thinning. The accumulation of non-anthocyanin phenolics was similarly affected in the two varieties. Notably, cluster thinning was more effective on enhancing the phenolics content than leaf removal. The combination of middle level of leaf removal and cluster thinning was the most favor to the accumulation of phenolic acids. Furthermore, cluster thinning could also significantly enhance the synthesis of flavanols and stilbenes. Lastly, content and variety of aroma compounds in both grape varieties were also significantly affected by the treatments. The results provided a theoretical basis for a combination of leaf removal and cluster thinning to improve quality of grapes and wines.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf removal and cluster thinning did not change reducing sugar content in either grape variety.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera
Vitis viniferae0 - Material
- Cabernet Sauvignon and Ugni Blance0
- Treatment
- Leaf removal and cluster thinninge0
- Outcome
- content of reducing sugare1
- Direction
- not affectede1
- Setting
- Weibei Dryland of Chinae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf removal and cluster thinning were carried out prior to veraison to evaluate the effects on berry quality of two Vitis vinifera cultivars (Cabernet Sauvignon and Ugni Blanc) in the Weibei Dryland of China in 2013 and 2014”
e1“content of reducing sugar in both varieties was not affected”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf removal and cluster thinning generally decreased total acid in grape berries.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Material
- Cabernet Sauvignon and Ugni Blance0
- Treatment
- Leaf removal and cluster thinninge0
- Outcome
- total acide1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Setting
- Weibei Dryland of Chinae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf removal and cluster thinning were carried out prior to veraison to evaluate the effects on berry quality of two Vitis vinifera cultivars (Cabernet Sauvignon and Ugni Blanc) in the Weibei Dryland of China in 2013 and 2014”
e1“total acid was generally decreased by leaf removal and cluster thinning”
Claim · model-written summary
Berry juice pH was higher in most treatment groups of leaf removal and cluster thinning.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Material
- Cabernet Sauvignon and Ugni Blance0
- Treatment
- Leaf removal and cluster thinninge0
- Outcome
- pH of berry juicee1
- Direction
- highere1
- Setting
- Weibei Dryland of Chinae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf removal and cluster thinning were carried out prior to veraison to evaluate the effects on berry quality of two Vitis vinifera cultivars (Cabernet Sauvignon and Ugni Blanc) in the Weibei Dryland of China in 2013 and 2014”
e1“The pH of berry juice was correspondingly higher in most treatment groups”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf removal and cluster thinning promoted accumulation of total phenols and tannin in both grape varieties.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Material
- Cabernet Sauvignon and Ugni Blance0
- Treatment
- Leaf removal and cluster thinninge0
- Outcome
- accumulation of total phenols, tannine1
- Direction
- promoting effectse1
- Setting
- Weibei Dryland of Chinae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf removal and cluster thinning were carried out prior to veraison to evaluate the effects on berry quality of two Vitis vinifera cultivars (Cabernet Sauvignon and Ugni Blanc) in the Weibei Dryland of China in 2013 and 2014”
e1“promoting effects on accumulation of total phenols, tannin in both varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf removal and cluster thinning promoted total anthocyanins in Cabernet Sauvignon.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Material
- Cabernet Sauvignone1
- Treatment
- Leaf removal and cluster thinninge0
- Outcome
- total anthocyaninse1
- Direction
- promoting effectse1
- Setting
- Weibei Dryland of Chinae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf removal and cluster thinning were carried out prior to veraison to evaluate the effects on berry quality of two Vitis vinifera cultivars (Cabernet Sauvignon and Ugni Blanc) in the Weibei Dryland of China in 2013 and 2014”
e1“promoting effects on accumulation of total phenols, tannin in both varieties and total anthocyanins in Cabernet Sauvignon”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf removal and cluster thinning decreased the percentage of malvidin and its derivatives among monomeric anthocyanins.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Material
- Cabernet Sauvignon and Ugni Blance0
- Treatment
- Leaf removal and cluster thinninge0
- Outcome
- percentage of malvidin and its derivativese1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Setting
- Weibei Dryland of Chinae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf removal and cluster thinning were carried out prior to veraison to evaluate the effects on berry quality of two Vitis vinifera cultivars (Cabernet Sauvignon and Ugni Blanc) in the Weibei Dryland of China in 2013 and 2014”
e1“percentage of malvidin and its derivatives was decreased by leaf removal and cluster thinning”
Claim · model-written summary
Cinnamylated anthocyanins decreased as cluster thinning became more intense.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- intensity of cluster thinninge1
- Outcome
- cinnamylated anthocyaninse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Setting
- Weibei Dryland of Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf removal and cluster thinning were carried out prior to veraison to evaluate the effects on berry quality of two Vitis vinifera cultivars (Cabernet Sauvignon and Ugni Blanc) in the Weibei Dryland of China in 2013 and 2014”
e1“cinnamylated anthocyanins decreased with the intensity of cluster thinning”
Claim · model-written summary
The accumulation of non-anthocyanin phenolics was similarly affected in the two grape varieties by the treatments.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Material
- Cabernet Sauvignon and Ugni Blance0
- Treatment
- Leaf removal and cluster thinninge0
- Outcome
- accumulation of non-anthocyanin phenolicse1
- Setting
- Weibei Dryland of Chinae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf removal and cluster thinning were carried out prior to veraison to evaluate the effects on berry quality of two Vitis vinifera cultivars (Cabernet Sauvignon and Ugni Blanc) in the Weibei Dryland of China in 2013 and 2014”
e1“The accumulation of non-anthocyanin phenolics was similarly affected in the two varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Cluster thinning was more effective than leaf removal in enhancing phenolics content.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Material
- Cabernet Sauvignon and Ugni Blance0
- Treatment
- cluster thinninge1
- Outcome
- phenolics contente1
- Direction
- enhancinge1
- Comparator
- leaf removale1
- Setting
- Weibei Dryland of Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf removal and cluster thinning were carried out prior to veraison to evaluate the effects on berry quality of two Vitis vinifera cultivars (Cabernet Sauvignon and Ugni Blanc) in the Weibei Dryland of China in 2013 and 2014”
e1“cluster thinning was more effective on enhancing the phenolics content than leaf removal”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of middle-level leaf removal and cluster thinning was most favorable for accumulation of phenolic acids.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Material
- Cabernet Sauvignon and Ugni Blance0
- Treatment
- combination of middle level of leaf removal and cluster thinninge1
- Outcome
- accumulation of phenolic acidse1
- Direction
- most favore1
- Setting
- Weibei Dryland of Chinae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf removal and cluster thinning were carried out prior to veraison to evaluate the effects on berry quality of two Vitis vinifera cultivars (Cabernet Sauvignon and Ugni Blanc) in the Weibei Dryland of China in 2013 and 2014”
e1“The combination of middle level of leaf removal and cluster thinning was the most favor to the accumulation of phenolic acids”
Claim · model-written summary
Cluster thinning significantly enhanced the synthesis of flavanols and stilbenes.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Material
- Cabernet Sauvignon and Ugni Blance0
- Treatment
- cluster thinninge1
- Outcome
- synthesis of flavanols and stilbenese1
- Direction
- enhancee1
- Setting
- Weibei Dryland of Chinae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf removal and cluster thinning were carried out prior to veraison to evaluate the effects on berry quality of two Vitis vinifera cultivars (Cabernet Sauvignon and Ugni Blanc) in the Weibei Dryland of China in 2013 and 2014”
e1“cluster thinning could also significantly enhance the synthesis of flavanols and stilbenes”
Claim · model-written summary
Content and variety of aroma compounds in both grape varieties were significantly affected by the treatments.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Material
- Cabernet Sauvignon and Ugni Blance0
- Treatment
- the treatmentse1
- Outcome
- content and variety of aroma compoundse1
- Setting
- Weibei Dryland of Chinae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf removal and cluster thinning were carried out prior to veraison to evaluate the effects on berry quality of two Vitis vinifera cultivars (Cabernet Sauvignon and Ugni Blanc) in the Weibei Dryland of China in 2013 and 2014”
e1“content and variety of aroma compounds in both grape varieties were also significantly affected by the treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend a combination of leaf removal and cluster thinning to improve grape and wine quality.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- a combination of leaf removal and cluster thinninge1
- Outcome
- improve quality of grapes and winese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf removal and cluster thinning were carried out prior to veraison to evaluate the effects on berry quality of two Vitis vinifera cultivars (Cabernet Sauvignon and Ugni Blanc) in the Weibei Dryland of China in 2013 and 2014”
e1“The results provided a theoretical basis for a combination of leaf removal and cluster thinning to improve quality of grapes and wines”
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