Abstract
Background and Aims: Early defoliation (ED) can reduce vine yield and improve fruit composition in vigorous vineyards. The objective of this study was to test the effectiveness of this technique for the Vitis vinifera (L.) cultivar Tempranillo under the temperate warm and semi-arid climatic conditions of south-eastern Spain. Methods and Results: Four treatments were applied over three seasons to drip-irrigated vines, planted with rows orientated north-south and shoots vertically positioned. Non-defoliated vines (control) were compared with vines defoliated either just before anthesis (phenological stage H, treatment ED) or at fruitset [phenological stage J, treatment late defoliation (LD)]. In the fourth treatment, only the leaves facing east were removed at phenological stage H (treatment east ED). In the fourth experimental season, all treatments were managed similarly. Defoliation did not reduce fruitset but reduced berry mass, particularly in the ED and the LD treatments. Defoliation, however, had a cumulative negative effect on vine bud fertility. Even in the fourth experimental season, the yield of the ED treatment was 18% lower than that of the control. Both the ED and particularly the LD treatments increased berry total soluble solids (TSS) and phenolic concentration. The effect of leaf removal on berry TSS and phenolic concentration was not significant in the east ED treatment. Conclusions: Defoliation at fruitset was the most effective treatment for increasing berry phenolics and TSS while maintaining must acidity. Growers should take into account, however, the important yield penalty because of defoliation, particularly in the mid-term. Significance of the Study: Early defoliation of Tempranillo grapes growing in semi-arid and temperate climates needs to be applied with caution and probably limited to specific seasons while consecutive defoliations should be avoided.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation did not reduce fruitset of Tempranillo vines.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera
Vitis viniferae0 - Material
- Tempranilloe0
- Treatment
- Defoliatione2
- Outcome
- fruitsete2
- Direction
- did not reducee2
- Comparator
- Non-defoliated vines (control)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Early defoliation in a temperate warm and semi-arid Tempranillo vineyard”
e0“The Vitis vinifera (L.) cultivar Tempranillo under the temperate warm and semi-arid climatic conditions of south-eastern Spain”
e1“Non-defoliated vines (control) were compared with vines defoliated either just before anthesis”
e2“Defoliation did not reduce fruitset but reduced berry mass, particularly in the ED and the LD treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation reduced berry mass, particularly in the ED and LD treatments.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Material
- Tempranilloe0
- Treatment
- Defoliatione2
- Outcome
- berry masse2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Qualifier
- particularly in the ED and the LD treatmentse2
- Comparator
- Non-defoliated vines (control)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Early defoliation in a temperate warm and semi-arid Tempranillo vineyard”
e0“The Vitis vinifera (L.) cultivar Tempranillo under the temperate warm and semi-arid climatic conditions of south-eastern Spain”
e1“Non-defoliated vines (control) were compared with vines defoliated either just before anthesis”
e2“Defoliation did not reduce fruitset but reduced berry mass, particularly in the ED and the LD treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation had a cumulative negative effect on vine bud fertility.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Material
- Tempranilloe0
- Treatment
- Defoliatione3
- Outcome
- vine bud fertilitye3
- Direction
- negative effecte3
- Qualifier
- cumulativee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Early defoliation in a temperate warm and semi-arid Tempranillo vineyard”
e0“The Vitis vinifera (L.) cultivar Tempranillo under the temperate warm and semi-arid climatic conditions of south-eastern Spain”
e3“Defoliation, however, had a cumulative negative effect on vine bud fertility”
Claim · model-written summary
The yield of the ED treatment was 18% lower than the control in the fourth experimental season.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Material
- Tempranilloe0
- Treatment
- ED treatmente4
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Direction
- lowere4
- Value
- 18%e4
- Qualifier
- Even in the fourth experimental seasone4
- Comparator
- controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Early defoliation in a temperate warm and semi-arid Tempranillo vineyard”
e0“The Vitis vinifera (L.) cultivar Tempranillo under the temperate warm and semi-arid climatic conditions of south-eastern Spain”
e4“Even in the fourth experimental season, the yield of the ED treatment was 18% lower than that of the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Both ED and LD defoliation increased berry TSS and phenolic concentration.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Material
- Tempranilloe0
- Treatment
- ED and particularly the LD treatmentse5
- Outcome
- berry total soluble solids (TSS) and phenolic concentratione5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Comparator
- Non-defoliated vines (control)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Early defoliation in a temperate warm and semi-arid Tempranillo vineyard”
e0“The Vitis vinifera (L.) cultivar Tempranillo under the temperate warm and semi-arid climatic conditions of south-eastern Spain”
e1“Non-defoliated vines (control) were compared with vines defoliated either just before anthesis”
e5“Both the ED and particularly the LD treatments increased berry total soluble solids (TSS) and phenolic concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Removing only east-facing leaves at the ED stage did not significantly change berry TSS or phenolic concentration.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Material
- Tempranilloe0
- Treatment
- east ED treatmente6
- Outcome
- berry TSS and phenolic concentratione6
- Direction
- not significante6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Early defoliation in a temperate warm and semi-arid Tempranillo vineyard”
e0“The Vitis vinifera (L.) cultivar Tempranillo under the temperate warm and semi-arid climatic conditions of south-eastern Spain”
e6“The effect of leaf removal on berry TSS and phenolic concentration was not significant in the east ED treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation at fruitset was the most effective treatment for increasing berry phenolics and TSS while maintaining must acidity.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Material
- Tempranilloe0
- Treatment
- Defoliation at fruitsete7
- Outcome
- berry phenolics and TSSe7
- Direction
- increasinge7
- Qualifier
- while maintaining must aciditye7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Early defoliation in a temperate warm and semi-arid Tempranillo vineyard”
e0“The Vitis vinifera (L.) cultivar Tempranillo under the temperate warm and semi-arid climatic conditions of south-eastern Spain”
e7“Defoliation at fruitset was the most effective treatment for increasing berry phenolics and TSS while maintaining must acidity”
Claim · model-written summary
Growers should take the important yield penalty of defoliation into account, particularly in the mid-term.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Outcome
- yield penaltye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Early defoliation in a temperate warm and semi-arid Tempranillo vineyard”
e0“The Vitis vinifera (L.) cultivar Tempranillo under the temperate warm and semi-arid climatic conditions of south-eastern Spain”
e1“Growers should take into account, however, the important yield penalty because of defoliation, particularly in the mid-term”
Claim · model-written summary
Early defoliation of Tempranillo should be applied with caution and probably limited to specific seasons.
Verbatim
t0“Early defoliation in a temperate warm and semi-arid Tempranillo vineyard”
e1“Early defoliation of Tempranillo grapes growing in semi-arid and temperate climates needs to be applied with caution and probably limited to specific seasons while consecutive defoliations should be avoided”
Claim · model-written summary
Consecutive defoliations should be avoided in Tempranillo vineyards.
Verbatim
t0“Early defoliation in a temperate warm and semi-arid Tempranillo vineyard”
e1“Early defoliation of Tempranillo grapes growing in semi-arid and temperate climates needs to be applied with caution and probably limited to specific seasons while consecutive defoliations should be avoided”
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