Abstract
Drought causes severe reduction in okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] yield. However, the impact of drought on okra physiology has been impeding breeding where relative degrees of tolerance need to be quantified. The okra, cv. NHAe 47-4, was exposed to 25, 50, 75, or 100% field capacity (FC) to impose water deficit for 5 or 10 days, at the vegetative (V), vegetative and reproductive (VR), or reproductive (R) stages, and effects on growth and yield, leaf relative water content (LRWC), leaf photosynthetic pigments, proline, and cysteine accumulation assessed. Simulated drought reduced LRWC, leaf chlorophyll content, biomass accumulation, and okra growth compared to the control (100% FC). The effect was more severe on plants subjected to water deficit of 10 days duration at vegetative and reproductive stages at 25% FC. Plants treated at the vegetative stage alone recovered faster than those treated at the reproductive stage alone and treatment at the two stages together. After recovery, plants exposed to water deficit at the vegetative stage alone produced more chlorophyll than the control. Okra plants exposed to water deficit produced more proline, cysteine, and carotenoids than untreated plants, with the least recorded in control, and the response varied based on duration and different FC at every growth stage. The highest values for proline and carotenoids were at 25% FC for 10 days duration at every growth stage. Plants exposed to water deficit produced more fruit than the control, especially those exposed at the vegetative stage only. Under prolonged water deficit for 10 days at the vegetative stage, there was 90.95, 70.80, and 131.18% increase in fruit yield at 25, 50, and 75% FC, respectively, compared to the control. Soil water maintained at 75% FC throughout the growing period enhanced fruit production compared to other field capacities including control. Okra response depends on water deficit severity, duration, and growth stage. Production of proline and carotenoid could be a strategy employed by okra plants for tolerance under water deficit.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Simulated drought reduced okra leaf relative water content compared with 100% field capacity.
- Taxon
- okra
.jpg?width=60)
Abelmoschus esculentuse0 - Treatment
- Simulated droughte0
- Outcome
- LRWCe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control (100% FC)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Simulated drought reduced LRWC, leaf chlorophyll content, biomass accumulation, and okra growth compared to the control (100% FC).”
Claim · model-written summary
Simulated drought reduced okra leaf chlorophyll content compared with 100% field capacity.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- Simulated droughte0
- Outcome
- leaf chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control (100% FC)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Simulated drought reduced LRWC, leaf chlorophyll content, biomass accumulation, and okra growth compared to the control (100% FC).”
Claim · model-written summary
Simulated drought reduced okra biomass accumulation and growth compared with 100% field capacity.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- Simulated droughte0
- Outcome
- biomass accumulation, and okra growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control (100% FC)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Simulated drought reduced LRWC, leaf chlorophyll content, biomass accumulation, and okra growth compared to the control (100% FC).”
Claim · model-written summary
The drought effect was more severe after 10 days at 25% field capacity across vegetative and reproductive stages.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- water deficit of 10 days duration at vegetative and reproductive stages at 25% FCe0
- Outcome
- effecte0
- Direction
- more severee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect was more severe on plants subjected to water deficit of 10 days duration at vegetative and reproductive stages at 25% FC.”
t0“Okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Okra exposed to deficit only at the vegetative stage recovered faster than plants treated at reproductive or both stages.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- vegetative stage alonee0
- Outcome
- recoverede0
- Direction
- fastere0
- Comparator
- reproductive stage alone and treatment at the two stages togethere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants treated at the vegetative stage alone recovered faster than those treated at the reproductive stage alone and treatment at the two stages together.”
t0“Okra”
Claim · model-written summary
After recovery, vegetative-stage deficit increased okra chlorophyll above the control.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- water deficit at the vegetative stage alonee0
- Outcome
- chlorophylle0
- Direction
- moree0
- Qualifier
- After recoverye0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After recovery, plants exposed to water deficit at the vegetative stage alone produced more chlorophyll than the control.”
t0“Okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit increased okra proline and cysteine accumulation relative to untreated plants.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- water deficite0
- Outcome
- proline, cysteinee0
- Direction
- moree0
- Qualifier
- response varied based on duration and different FC at every growth stagee0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Okra plants exposed to water deficit produced more proline, cysteine, and carotenoids than untreated plants, with the least recorded in control, and the response varied based on duration and different FC at every growth stage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit increased okra carotenoids relative to untreated plants.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- water deficite0
- Outcome
- carotenoidse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Okra plants exposed to water deficit produced more proline, cysteine, and carotenoids than untreated plants, with the least recorded in control, and the response varied based on duration and different FC at every growth stage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline and carotenoids reached their highest values at 25% field capacity for 10 days at every growth stage.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- 25% FC for 10 days duratione0
- Outcome
- proline and carotenoidse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- at every growth stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest values for proline and carotenoids were at 25% FC for 10 days duration at every growth stage.”
t0“Okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-deficit plants produced more okra fruit than controls, especially when stressed only at the vegetative stage.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- water deficite0
- Outcome
- fruite0
- Direction
- moree0
- Qualifier
- especially those exposed at the vegetative stage onlye0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants exposed to water deficit produced more fruit than the control, especially those exposed at the vegetative stage only.”
t0“Okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten days of vegetative-stage deficit at 25% field capacity increased okra fruit yield by 90.95% over control.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- 25e0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 90.95e0
- Qualifier
- 10 days at the vegetative stagee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under prolonged water deficit for 10 days at the vegetative stage, there was 90.95, 70.80, and 131.18% increase in fruit yield at 25, 50, and 75% FC, respectively, compared to the control.”
t0“Okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten days of vegetative-stage deficit at 50% field capacity increased okra fruit yield by 70.80% over control.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- 50e0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 70.80e0
- Qualifier
- 10 days at the vegetative stagee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under prolonged water deficit for 10 days at the vegetative stage, there was 90.95, 70.80, and 131.18% increase in fruit yield at 25, 50, and 75% FC, respectively, compared to the control.”
t0“Okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten days of vegetative-stage deficit at 75% field capacity increased okra fruit yield by 131.18% over control.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- 75% FCe0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 131.18%e0
- Qualifier
- 10 days at the vegetative stagee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under prolonged water deficit for 10 days at the vegetative stage, there was 90.95, 70.80, and 131.18% increase in fruit yield at 25, 50, and 75% FC, respectively, compared to the control.”
t0“Okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Keeping soil water at 75% field capacity throughout growth enhanced okra fruit production against other capacities, including control.
- Taxon
- OkraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- 75% FC throughout the growing periode0
- Outcome
- fruit productione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- other field capacities including controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil water maintained at 75% FC throughout the growing period enhanced fruit production compared to other field capacities including control.”
t0“Okra”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose proline and carotenoid production as a drought-tolerance strategy in okra.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Outcome
- tolerance under water deficite0
- Qualifier
- Production of proline and carotenoide0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Production of proline and carotenoid could be a strategy employed by okra plants for tolerance under water deficit.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.