Abstract
Horticultural crops especially vegetables are most vulnerable to drought due to their higher irrigation needs. Hence, this study was undertaken to evaluate the adverse effects of drought stress and the beneficial effects of salicylic acid (SA) on physiological and biochemical attributes of okra plants under drought stress. For this purpose, a pot experiment was laid out in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) design. Okra seeds were primed with four different SA treatments i.e., 0 (control), 1, 2 and 3 mM and sown in pots (Ø 20 cm). After 14 days of germination, the plants were subjected to two drought levels i.e., 25% and 50% field capacity (FC) and after 20 days of germination regular foliar sprays of SA at 7 days interval were performed with aforementioned SA levels. Physiological parameters like fresh weight, dry weight, and length of plants along with biochemical attributes like chlorophyll (‘a’, ‘b’ and total), total carotenoids, total protein and proline contents, and electrolyte leakage were recorded. Results revealed that drought stress (25% FC) significantly reduced all the studied parameters and resulted in the lowest values of fresh weight (5.04 g), dry weight (1.33 g), length of plants (11.68 cm), chlorophyll ‘a’ content (5.97 mg/g FW), chlorophyll ‘b’ content (8.86 mg/g FW), total chlorophyll (14.84 mg/g FW), total carotenoids (4.96 mg/g FW) and total protein (1.05 mg/g FW), except proline content (6.81 mg/g FW) and electrolyte leakage (77.31%) which was increased. Application of SA under drought stress reduced the harmful effects of drought and application of 2 mM SA produced the maximum fresh weight (8.60 g), dry weight (2.51 g), length of plants (16.23 cm), chlorophyll ‘b’ content (14.47 mg/g FW), total protein (3.73 mg/g FW) and proline content (5.11 mg/g FW); whereas application of 3 mM SA showed the highest values of chlorophyll ‘a’ (8.91 mg/g FW), total chlorophyll content (23.20 mg/g FW) and carotenoids (7.93 mg/g FW), and the lowest value for electrolyte leakage (62.00%).
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
At 25% field capacity, drought reduced okra fresh weight to 5.04 g.
- Taxon
- okra
.jpg?width=60)
Abelmoschus esculentust0 - Treatment
- drought stress (25% FC)e0
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 5.04 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that drought stress (25% FC) significantly reduced all the studied parameters and resulted in the lowest values of fresh weight (5.04 g), dry weight (1.33 g), length of plants (11.68 cm), chlorophyll ‘a’ content (5.97 mg/g FW), chlorophyll ‘b’ content (8.86 mg/g FW), total chlorophyll (14.84 mg/g FW), total carotenoids (4.96 mg/g FW) and total protein (1.05 mg/g FW), except proline content (6.81 mg/g FW) and electrolyte leakage (77.31%) which was increased.”
t0“okra”
Claim · model-written summary
At 25% field capacity, drought reduced okra dry weight to 1.33 g.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- drought stress (25% FC)e0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 1.33 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that drought stress (25% FC) significantly reduced all the studied parameters and resulted in the lowest values of fresh weight (5.04 g), dry weight (1.33 g), length of plants (11.68 cm), chlorophyll ‘a’ content (5.97 mg/g FW), chlorophyll ‘b’ content (8.86 mg/g FW), total chlorophyll (14.84 mg/g FW), total carotenoids (4.96 mg/g FW) and total protein (1.05 mg/g FW), except proline content (6.81 mg/g FW) and electrolyte leakage (77.31%) which was increased.”
t0“okra”
Claim · model-written summary
At 25% field capacity, drought reduced okra length of plants to 11.68 cm.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- drought stress (25% FC)e0
- Outcome
- length of plantse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 11.68 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that drought stress (25% FC) significantly reduced all the studied parameters and resulted in the lowest values of fresh weight (5.04 g), dry weight (1.33 g), length of plants (11.68 cm), chlorophyll ‘a’ content (5.97 mg/g FW), chlorophyll ‘b’ content (8.86 mg/g FW), total chlorophyll (14.84 mg/g FW), total carotenoids (4.96 mg/g FW) and total protein (1.05 mg/g FW), except proline content (6.81 mg/g FW) and electrolyte leakage (77.31%) which was increased.”
t0“okra”
Claim · model-written summary
At 25% field capacity, drought reduced okra chlorophyll ‘a’ content to 5.97 mg/g FW.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- drought stress (25% FC)e0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll ‘a’ contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 5.97 mg/g FWe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that drought stress (25% FC) significantly reduced all the studied parameters and resulted in the lowest values of fresh weight (5.04 g), dry weight (1.33 g), length of plants (11.68 cm), chlorophyll ‘a’ content (5.97 mg/g FW), chlorophyll ‘b’ content (8.86 mg/g FW), total chlorophyll (14.84 mg/g FW), total carotenoids (4.96 mg/g FW) and total protein (1.05 mg/g FW), except proline content (6.81 mg/g FW) and electrolyte leakage (77.31%) which was increased.”
t0“okra”
Claim · model-written summary
At 25% field capacity, drought reduced okra chlorophyll ‘b’ content to 8.86 mg/g FW.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- drought stress (25% FC)e0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll ‘b’ contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 8.86 mg/g FWe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that drought stress (25% FC) significantly reduced all the studied parameters and resulted in the lowest values of fresh weight (5.04 g), dry weight (1.33 g), length of plants (11.68 cm), chlorophyll ‘a’ content (5.97 mg/g FW), chlorophyll ‘b’ content (8.86 mg/g FW), total chlorophyll (14.84 mg/g FW), total carotenoids (4.96 mg/g FW) and total protein (1.05 mg/g FW), except proline content (6.81 mg/g FW) and electrolyte leakage (77.31%) which was increased.”
t0“okra”
Claim · model-written summary
At 25% field capacity, drought reduced okra total chlorophyll to 14.84 mg/g FW.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- drought stress (25% FC)e0
- Outcome
- total chlorophylle0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 14.84 mg/g FWe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that drought stress (25% FC) significantly reduced all the studied parameters and resulted in the lowest values of fresh weight (5.04 g), dry weight (1.33 g), length of plants (11.68 cm), chlorophyll ‘a’ content (5.97 mg/g FW), chlorophyll ‘b’ content (8.86 mg/g FW), total chlorophyll (14.84 mg/g FW), total carotenoids (4.96 mg/g FW) and total protein (1.05 mg/g FW), except proline content (6.81 mg/g FW) and electrolyte leakage (77.31%) which was increased.”
t0“okra”
Claim · model-written summary
At 25% field capacity, drought reduced okra total carotenoids to 4.96 mg/g FW.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- drought stress (25% FC)e0
- Outcome
- total carotenoidse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 4.96 mg/g FWe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that drought stress (25% FC) significantly reduced all the studied parameters and resulted in the lowest values of fresh weight (5.04 g), dry weight (1.33 g), length of plants (11.68 cm), chlorophyll ‘a’ content (5.97 mg/g FW), chlorophyll ‘b’ content (8.86 mg/g FW), total chlorophyll (14.84 mg/g FW), total carotenoids (4.96 mg/g FW) and total protein (1.05 mg/g FW), except proline content (6.81 mg/g FW) and electrolyte leakage (77.31%) which was increased.”
t0“okra”
Claim · model-written summary
At 25% field capacity, drought reduced okra total protein to 1.05 mg/g FW.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- drought stress (25% FC)e0
- Outcome
- total proteine0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 1.05 mg/g FWe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that drought stress (25% FC) significantly reduced all the studied parameters and resulted in the lowest values of fresh weight (5.04 g), dry weight (1.33 g), length of plants (11.68 cm), chlorophyll ‘a’ content (5.97 mg/g FW), chlorophyll ‘b’ content (8.86 mg/g FW), total chlorophyll (14.84 mg/g FW), total carotenoids (4.96 mg/g FW) and total protein (1.05 mg/g FW), except proline content (6.81 mg/g FW) and electrolyte leakage (77.31%) which was increased.”
t0“okra”
Claim · model-written summary
At 25% field capacity, drought increased okra proline content to 6.81 mg/g FW.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- drought stress (25% FC)e0
- Outcome
- proline contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 6.81 mg/g FWe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that drought stress (25% FC) significantly reduced all the studied parameters and resulted in the lowest values of fresh weight (5.04 g), dry weight (1.33 g), length of plants (11.68 cm), chlorophyll ‘a’ content (5.97 mg/g FW), chlorophyll ‘b’ content (8.86 mg/g FW), total chlorophyll (14.84 mg/g FW), total carotenoids (4.96 mg/g FW) and total protein (1.05 mg/g FW), except proline content (6.81 mg/g FW) and electrolyte leakage (77.31%) which was increased.”
t0“okra”
Claim · model-written summary
At 25% field capacity, drought increased okra electrolyte leakage to 77.31%.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- drought stress (25% FC)e0
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 77.31%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed that drought stress (25% FC) significantly reduced all the studied parameters and resulted in the lowest values of fresh weight (5.04 g), dry weight (1.33 g), length of plants (11.68 cm), chlorophyll ‘a’ content (5.97 mg/g FW), chlorophyll ‘b’ content (8.86 mg/g FW), total chlorophyll (14.84 mg/g FW), total carotenoids (4.96 mg/g FW) and total protein (1.05 mg/g FW), except proline content (6.81 mg/g FW) and electrolyte leakage (77.31%) which was increased.”
t0“okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, 2 mM SA gave okra fresh weight a maximum value of 8.60 g.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- 2 mM SAe0
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 8.60 ge0
- Qualifier
- under drought stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of SA under drought stress reduced the harmful effects of drought and application of 2 mM SA produced the maximum fresh weight (8.60 g), dry weight (2.51 g), length of plants (16.23 cm), chlorophyll ‘b’ content (14.47 mg/g FW), total protein (3.73 mg/g FW) and proline content (5.11 mg/g FW); whereas application of 3 mM SA showed the highest values of chlorophyll ‘a’ (8.91 mg/g FW), total chlorophyll content (23.20 mg/g FW) and carotenoids (7.93 mg/g FW), and the lowest value for electrolyte leakage (62.00%).”
t0“okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, 2 mM SA gave okra dry weight a maximum value of 2.51 g.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- 2 mM SAe0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 2.51 ge0
- Qualifier
- under drought stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of SA under drought stress reduced the harmful effects of drought and application of 2 mM SA produced the maximum fresh weight (8.60 g), dry weight (2.51 g), length of plants (16.23 cm), chlorophyll ‘b’ content (14.47 mg/g FW), total protein (3.73 mg/g FW) and proline content (5.11 mg/g FW); whereas application of 3 mM SA showed the highest values of chlorophyll ‘a’ (8.91 mg/g FW), total chlorophyll content (23.20 mg/g FW) and carotenoids (7.93 mg/g FW), and the lowest value for electrolyte leakage (62.00%).”
t0“okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, 2 mM SA gave okra length of plants a maximum value of 16.23 cm.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- 2 mM SAe0
- Outcome
- length of plantse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 16.23 cme0
- Qualifier
- under drought stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of SA under drought stress reduced the harmful effects of drought and application of 2 mM SA produced the maximum fresh weight (8.60 g), dry weight (2.51 g), length of plants (16.23 cm), chlorophyll ‘b’ content (14.47 mg/g FW), total protein (3.73 mg/g FW) and proline content (5.11 mg/g FW); whereas application of 3 mM SA showed the highest values of chlorophyll ‘a’ (8.91 mg/g FW), total chlorophyll content (23.20 mg/g FW) and carotenoids (7.93 mg/g FW), and the lowest value for electrolyte leakage (62.00%).”
t0“okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, 2 mM SA gave okra chlorophyll ‘b’ content a maximum value of 14.47 mg/g FW.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- 2 mM SAe0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll ‘b’ contente0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 14.47 mg/g FWe0
- Qualifier
- under drought stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of SA under drought stress reduced the harmful effects of drought and application of 2 mM SA produced the maximum fresh weight (8.60 g), dry weight (2.51 g), length of plants (16.23 cm), chlorophyll ‘b’ content (14.47 mg/g FW), total protein (3.73 mg/g FW) and proline content (5.11 mg/g FW); whereas application of 3 mM SA showed the highest values of chlorophyll ‘a’ (8.91 mg/g FW), total chlorophyll content (23.20 mg/g FW) and carotenoids (7.93 mg/g FW), and the lowest value for electrolyte leakage (62.00%).”
t0“okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, 2 mM SA gave okra total protein a maximum value of 3.73 mg/g FW.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- 2 mM SAe0
- Outcome
- total proteine0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 3.73 mg/g FWe0
- Qualifier
- under drought stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of SA under drought stress reduced the harmful effects of drought and application of 2 mM SA produced the maximum fresh weight (8.60 g), dry weight (2.51 g), length of plants (16.23 cm), chlorophyll ‘b’ content (14.47 mg/g FW), total protein (3.73 mg/g FW) and proline content (5.11 mg/g FW); whereas application of 3 mM SA showed the highest values of chlorophyll ‘a’ (8.91 mg/g FW), total chlorophyll content (23.20 mg/g FW) and carotenoids (7.93 mg/g FW), and the lowest value for electrolyte leakage (62.00%).”
t0“okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, 2 mM SA gave okra proline content a maximum value of 5.11 mg/g FW.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- 2 mM SAe0
- Outcome
- proline contente0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 5.11 mg/g FWe0
- Qualifier
- under drought stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of SA under drought stress reduced the harmful effects of drought and application of 2 mM SA produced the maximum fresh weight (8.60 g), dry weight (2.51 g), length of plants (16.23 cm), chlorophyll ‘b’ content (14.47 mg/g FW), total protein (3.73 mg/g FW) and proline content (5.11 mg/g FW); whereas application of 3 mM SA showed the highest values of chlorophyll ‘a’ (8.91 mg/g FW), total chlorophyll content (23.20 mg/g FW) and carotenoids (7.93 mg/g FW), and the lowest value for electrolyte leakage (62.00%).”
t0“okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, 3 mM SA gave okra chlorophyll ‘a’ a highest value of 8.91 mg/g FW.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- 3 mM SAe0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll ‘a’e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 8.91 mg/g FWe0
- Qualifier
- under drought stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of SA under drought stress reduced the harmful effects of drought and application of 2 mM SA produced the maximum fresh weight (8.60 g), dry weight (2.51 g), length of plants (16.23 cm), chlorophyll ‘b’ content (14.47 mg/g FW), total protein (3.73 mg/g FW) and proline content (5.11 mg/g FW); whereas application of 3 mM SA showed the highest values of chlorophyll ‘a’ (8.91 mg/g FW), total chlorophyll content (23.20 mg/g FW) and carotenoids (7.93 mg/g FW), and the lowest value for electrolyte leakage (62.00%).”
t0“okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, 3 mM SA gave okra total chlorophyll content a highest value of 23.20 mg/g FW.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- 3 mM SAe0
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 23.20 mg/g FWe0
- Qualifier
- under drought stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of SA under drought stress reduced the harmful effects of drought and application of 2 mM SA produced the maximum fresh weight (8.60 g), dry weight (2.51 g), length of plants (16.23 cm), chlorophyll ‘b’ content (14.47 mg/g FW), total protein (3.73 mg/g FW) and proline content (5.11 mg/g FW); whereas application of 3 mM SA showed the highest values of chlorophyll ‘a’ (8.91 mg/g FW), total chlorophyll content (23.20 mg/g FW) and carotenoids (7.93 mg/g FW), and the lowest value for electrolyte leakage (62.00%).”
t0“okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, 3 mM SA gave okra carotenoids a highest value of 7.93 mg/g FW.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- 3 mM SAe0
- Outcome
- carotenoidse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 7.93 mg/g FWe0
- Qualifier
- under drought stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of SA under drought stress reduced the harmful effects of drought and application of 2 mM SA produced the maximum fresh weight (8.60 g), dry weight (2.51 g), length of plants (16.23 cm), chlorophyll ‘b’ content (14.47 mg/g FW), total protein (3.73 mg/g FW) and proline content (5.11 mg/g FW); whereas application of 3 mM SA showed the highest values of chlorophyll ‘a’ (8.91 mg/g FW), total chlorophyll content (23.20 mg/g FW) and carotenoids (7.93 mg/g FW), and the lowest value for electrolyte leakage (62.00%).”
t0“okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, 3 mM SA gave okra electrolyte leakage a lowest value of 62.00%.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- 3 mM SAe0
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 62.00%e0
- Qualifier
- under drought stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of SA under drought stress reduced the harmful effects of drought and application of 2 mM SA produced the maximum fresh weight (8.60 g), dry weight (2.51 g), length of plants (16.23 cm), chlorophyll ‘b’ content (14.47 mg/g FW), total protein (3.73 mg/g FW) and proline content (5.11 mg/g FW); whereas application of 3 mM SA showed the highest values of chlorophyll ‘a’ (8.91 mg/g FW), total chlorophyll content (23.20 mg/g FW) and carotenoids (7.93 mg/g FW), and the lowest value for electrolyte leakage (62.00%).”
t0“okra”
The same questions in other papers
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6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
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salicylic acid · physiology: osmolytes · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
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salicylic acid · physiology: pigments · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
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See all 5 papers →drought · physiology: pigments · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results differ
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
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See all 8 papers →drought · physiology: osmolytes · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
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drought · growth · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- positive
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See all 22 papers →drought · quality: protein · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.