Abstract
The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effects of water salinity and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) on tomato (cv. ‘Ventura’) growth, wilt severity and subsequent yield loss. The six salt treatments tested showed no significant effect on pathogen mycelial growth in vitro but increased sporulation was recorded with the highest NaCl doses (8 and 10 g/l). Increasing salinity stress (2 to 10 g of NaCl/l) to the inoculated tomato plants enhanced the severity of Fusarium wilt disease and resulted in a significant increase in the leaf damage index (LDI) recorded from 35 to 62 days post-planting (DPP). Moreover, the LDI noted on plants under highest salt stress (8 and 10 g of NaCl/l) was increased by 55 and 60%, respectively compared with the LDI recorded on unstressed plants. Salinity treatment in watering tomato plants (inoculated or not with FOL), from 15 DPP until the end of the assay (i.e., 62 DPP), decreased plant height by 9.7 and 35% when the salinity level varied from 2 to 10 g/l. A similar effect was noted after inoculation with FOL. The fresh and dry weights of the aerial part were generally lower with the increase in NaCl dose; these parameters were reduced by 45-50% and by 34-41% with higher salt treatments tested (8 and 10 g of NaCl/l), respectively, compared to the non-saline water. The range of decrease in root fresh and dry weights was 12-74 and 13-70%, respectively, when salinity levels were 2 and 10 g of NaCl/l, compared to the unstressed plants. Fruit fresh weight was also adversely affected by the highest NaCl doses tested (8 and 10 g/l) and was reduced by 40 and 78%, respectively compared to non-saline water. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Salt treatments had no significant effect on Fusarium pathogen mycelial growth in vitro.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- salt treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL)
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersicie1pathogen - Outcome
- pathogen mycelial growthe0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The six salt treatments tested showed no significant effect on pathogen mycelial growth in vitro”
e1“Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) on tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest NaCl doses increased Fusarium sporulation in vitro.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- highest NaCl doses (8 and 10 g/l)e0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL)Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersicie1pathogen
- Outcome
- sporulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased sporulation was recorded with the highest NaCl doses (8 and 10 g/l).”
e1“Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) on tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity enhanced Fusarium wilt severity in inoculated tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- salinity stress (2 to 10 g of NaCl/l)e0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL)Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersicie1pathogen
- Outcome
- severity of Fusarium wilt diseasee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing salinity stress (2 to 10 g of NaCl/l) to the inoculated tomato plants enhanced the severity of Fusarium wilt disease”
e1“Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) on tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity significantly raised tomato leaf damage index from 35 to 62 days post planting.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- salinity stress (2 to 10 g of NaCl/l)e1
- Outcome
- leaf damage index (LDI)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- from 35 to 62 days post-planting (DPP)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulted in a significant increase in the leaf damage index (LDI) recorded from 35 to 62 days post-planting (DPP).”
e1“Increasing salinity stress (2 to 10 g of NaCl/l) to the inoculated tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
At 8 g NaCl/l, the leaf damage index was 55% higher than in unstressed tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- 8 and 10 g of NaCl/le0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL)Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersicie1pathogen
- Outcome
- LDIe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 55e0
- Comparator
- unstressed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the LDI noted on plants under highest salt stress (8 and 10 g of NaCl/l) was increased by 55 and 60%, respectively compared with the LDI recorded on unstressed plants.”
e1“Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) on tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 g NaCl/l, the leaf damage index was 60% higher than in unstressed tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- 8 and 10 g of NaCl/le0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL)Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersicie1pathogen
- Outcome
- LDIe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 60%e0
- Comparator
- unstressed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the LDI noted on plants under highest salt stress (8 and 10 g of NaCl/l) was increased by 55 and 60%, respectively compared with the LDI recorded on unstressed plants.”
e1“Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) on tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity watering reduced tomato plant height by 9.7% at 2 g/l.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- salinity level varied from 2 to 10 g/le0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 9.7e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased plant height by 9.7 and 35% when the salinity level varied from 2 to 10 g/l.”
e1“Salinity treatment in watering tomato plants (inoculated or not with FOL)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity watering reduced tomato plant height by 35% at 10 g/l.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- salinity level varied from 2 to 10 g/le0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 35%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased plant height by 9.7 and 35% when the salinity level varied from 2 to 10 g/l.”
e1“Salinity treatment in watering tomato plants (inoculated or not with FOL)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium inoculation had a similar adverse effect on tomato plant height.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- inoculation with FOLe0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL)Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersicie2pathogen
- Outcome
- plant heighte1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A similar effect was noted after inoculation with FOL.”
e1“Salinity treatment in watering tomato plants (inoculated or not with FOL), from 15 DPP until the end of the assay (i.e., 62 DPP), decreased plant height”
e2“Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) on tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
High salt treatments reduced tomato aerial fresh weight by 45–50% versus non saline water.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- higher salt treatments tested (8 and 10 g of NaCl/l)e0
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weights of the aerial parte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 45-50%e0
- Comparator
- non-saline watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fresh and dry weights of the aerial part were generally lower with the increase in NaCl dose; these parameters were reduced by 45-50% and by 34-41% with higher salt treatments tested (8 and 10 g of NaCl/l), respectively, compared to the non-saline water.”
t0“tomato growth”
Claim · model-written summary
High salt treatments reduced tomato aerial dry weight by 34–41% versus non saline water.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- higher salt treatments tested (8 and 10 g of NaCl/l)e0
- Outcome
- dry weights of the aerial parte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 34-41%e0
- Comparator
- non-saline watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fresh and dry weights of the aerial part were generally lower with the increase in NaCl dose; these parameters were reduced by 45-50% and by 34-41% with higher salt treatments tested (8 and 10 g of NaCl/l), respectively, compared to the non-saline water.”
t0“tomato growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced tomato root fresh weight by 12–74%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- salinity levels were 2 and 10 g of NaCl/le0
- Outcome
- root fresh and dry weightse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 12-74e0
- Comparator
- unstressed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The range of decrease in root fresh and dry weights was 12-74 and 13-70%, respectively, when salinity levels were 2 and 10 g of NaCl/l, compared to the unstressed plants.”
t0“tomato growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced tomato root dry weight by 13–70%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- salinity levels were 2 and 10 g of NaCl/le0
- Outcome
- root fresh and dry weightse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 13-70%e0
- Comparator
- unstressed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The range of decrease in root fresh and dry weights was 12-74 and 13-70%, respectively, when salinity levels were 2 and 10 g of NaCl/l, compared to the unstressed plants.”
t0“tomato growth”
Claim · model-written summary
At 8 g/l NaCl tomato fruit fresh weight was reduced by 40% versus non saline water.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- highest NaCl doses tested (8 and 10 g/l)e0
- Outcome
- Fruit fresh weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 40e0
- Comparator
- non-saline watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit fresh weight was also adversely affected by the highest NaCl doses tested (8 and 10 g/l) and was reduced by 40 and 78%, respectively compared to non-saline water.”
t0“tomato growth”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 g/l NaCl tomato fruit fresh weight was reduced by 78% versus non saline water.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- highest NaCl doses tested (8 and 10 g/l)e0
- Outcome
- Fruit fresh weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 78%e0
- Comparator
- non-saline watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit fresh weight was also adversely affected by the highest NaCl doses tested (8 and 10 g/l) and was reduced by 40 and 78%, respectively compared to non-saline water.”
t0“tomato growth”
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