Abstract
Soil salinization and alkalization disrupt redox homeostasis, impairing plant survival and crop production. Disruption of redox homeostasis can cause accumulation of reactive nitrogen species, such as nitric oxide (NO), which causes nitrosative damage in which the properties of biomacromolecules are altered. It is unclear whether melatonin regulates NO homeostasis, thereby affecting plant saline-alkali tolerance. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), excess NO caused by saline-alkali stress resulted in nitrosative damage, which was alleviated by S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR). Moreover, saline-alkali stress-triggered NO stimulated caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) transcription and melatonin biosynthesis to scavenge excess NO and alleviate nitrosative damage at the proteome level. Under saline-alkali stress, plasma membrane-localized H+-ATPase 2 (HA2) was S-nitrosylated at Cys206, impairing its interaction with 14-3-3 protein 1 (TFT1). HA2 S-nitrosylation resulted in reduced HA activity, H+ efflux, and saline-alkali tolerance. Conversely, COMT-generated melatonin alleviated HA2 S-nitrosylation, recovering its function and tomato saline-alkali tolerance. Therefore, we propose that melatonin and NO are redox switches of HA2 S-nitrosylation for saline-alkali tolerance. Under natural saline-alkali conditions, tomato productivity was improved by grafting with COMT-, GSNOR-, or HA2-overexpression rootstocks, or by generating nonnitrosylated HA2C206S mutants. By establishing the melatonin-NO-HA2 module, this study illuminates a molecular function of melatonin and suggests possible genetic engineering strategies to improve agriculture.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
GSNOR alleviated nitrosative damage caused by saline-alkali stress in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- saline-alkali stresse1
- Gene
- S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR)e1
- Outcome
- nitrosative damagee1
- Direction
- alleviatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)”
e1“excess NO caused by saline-alkali stress resulted in nitrosative damage, which was alleviated by S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR)”
Claim · model-written summary
Saline-alkali stress-triggered NO stimulated COMT transcription and melatonin biosynthesis in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- saline-alkali stresse2
- Gene
- caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT)e2
- Compound
- melatonine2
- Outcome
- transcription and melatonin biosynthesise2
- Direction
- stimulatede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)”
e2“saline-alkali stress-triggered NO stimulated caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) transcription and melatonin biosynthesis to scavenge excess NO”
Claim · model-written summary
COMT-generated melatonin alleviated HA2 S-nitrosylation in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- COMT-generated melatonine3
- Gene
- HA2e3
- Outcome
- HA2 S-nitrosylatione3
- Direction
- alleviatede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)”
e3“COMT-generated melatonin alleviated HA2 S-nitrosylation, recovering its function and tomato saline-alkali tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
HA2 S-nitrosylation resulted in reduced HA activity, H+ efflux and saline-alkali tolerance in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Gene
- HA2e5
- Outcome
- HA activity, H+ efflux, and saline-alkali tolerancee5
- Direction
- reducede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)”
e5“HA2 S-nitrosylation resulted in reduced HA activity, H+ efflux, and saline-alkali tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Under saline-alkali stress, plasma membrane H+-ATPase 2 (HA2) was S-nitrosylated at Cys206 in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- saline-alkali stresse4
- Gene
- plasma membrane-localized H+-ATPase 2 (HA2)e4
- Outcome
- S-nitrosylated at Cys206e4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)”
e4“Under saline-alkali stress, plasma membrane-localized H+-ATPase 2 (HA2) was S-nitrosylated at Cys206, impairing its interaction with 14-3-3 protein 1 (TFT1)”
Claim · model-written summary
S-nitrosylation of HA2 at Cys206 impaired its interaction with 14-3-3 protein 1 (TFT1).
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Gene
- 14-3-3 protein 1 (TFT1)e4
- Outcome
- interaction with 14-3-3 protein 1 (TFT1)e4
- Direction
- impairinge4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)”
e4“Under saline-alkali stress, plasma membrane-localized H+-ATPase 2 (HA2) was S-nitrosylated at Cys206, impairing its interaction with 14-3-3 protein 1 (TFT1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting onto COMT-, GSNOR- or HA2-overexpression rootstocks improved tomato productivity under natural saline-alkali conditions.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- grafting with COMT-, GSNOR-, or HA2-overexpression rootstockse6
- Outcome
- tomato productivitye6
- Direction
- improvede6
- Setting
- natural saline-alkali conditionse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)”
e6“Under natural saline-alkali conditions, tomato productivity was improved by grafting with COMT-, GSNOR-, or HA2-overexpression rootstocks, or by generating nonnitrosylated HA2C206S mutants”
Claim · model-written summary
Generating nonnitrosylated HA2C206S mutants improved tomato productivity under natural saline-alkali conditions.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- generating nonnitrosylated HA2C206S mutantse6
- Outcome
- tomato productivitye6
- Direction
- improvede6
- Setting
- natural saline-alkali conditionse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)”
e6“Under natural saline-alkali conditions, tomato productivity was improved by grafting with COMT-, GSNOR-, or HA2-overexpression rootstocks, or by generating nonnitrosylated HA2C206S mutants”
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salinity · pest · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
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- negative
- negative
- no effect
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See all 7 papers →salinity · molecular: expression · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
23 papers more in this group
See all 27 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.