Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the allelopathic responses of rice seedlings under submergence stress at different temperatures (10, 25, 32, and 37 °C). The results showed that a wide range of allelopathic responses of rice seedlings depended on varieties and stress conditions, with temperature was being a key factor. It showed that the extracts of rice seedlings induced significant suppression on lettuce and radish seedling germination, but had negligible allelopathic effects on growth of barnyardgrass, whilst the emergence and growth of natural weeds was stimulated. In contrast, the root exudates of Koshihikari rice seedlings (K32) at 32 °C reduced the number of total weeds by ≈60.0% and the total dry weight of weeds by 93.0%; i.e., to a greater extent than other root exudates. Among the 13 identified phenolic acids, p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, syringic, sinapic and benzoic acids—at concentrations of 0.360, 0.045, 3.052, 1.309 and 5.543 μg/mL might be involved in allelopathic responses of K32, inhibiting the growth of barnyardgrass and natural weeds. Findings of the present study may provide useful information on allelopathic responses of rice under environmental stresses and thus further understand of the competitive relationships between rice and weeds under natural conditions.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Allelopathic responses of rice seedlings depended on varieties and stress conditions, with temperature a key factor.
- Taxon
- rice seedlings
Oryza sativae1 - Treatment
- stress conditionse1
- Outcome
- allelopathic responsese1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results showed that a wide range of allelopathic responses of rice seedlings depended on varieties and stress conditions, with temperature was being a key factor”
Claim · model-written summary
Extracts of rice seedlings significantly suppressed lettuce and radish seedling germination.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- extracts of rice seedlingse2
- Interactor
- lettuce
Lactuca sativae2other - Second interactor
- radish
Raphanus sativuse2other - Outcome
- lettuce and radish seedling germinatione2
- Direction
- suppressione2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“It showed that the extracts of rice seedlings induced significant suppression on lettuce and radish seedling germination, but had negligible allelopathic effects on growth of barnyardgrass, whilst the emergence and growth of natural weeds was stimulated”
Claim · model-written summary
Extracts of rice seedlings had negligible allelopathic effects on the growth of barnyardgrass.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- extracts of rice seedlingse2
- Interactor
- barnyardgrass
Echinochloa crus-gallie2weed - Outcome
- growth of barnyardgrasse2
- Direction
- negligiblee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“It showed that the extracts of rice seedlings induced significant suppression on lettuce and radish seedling germination, but had negligible allelopathic effects on growth of barnyardgrass, whilst the emergence and growth of natural weeds was stimulated”
Claim · model-written summary
Extracts of rice seedlings stimulated the emergence and growth of natural weeds.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- extracts of rice seedlingse2
- Interactor
- natural weedse2weed
- Outcome
- emergence and growth of natural weedse2
- Direction
- stimulatede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“It showed that the extracts of rice seedlings induced significant suppression on lettuce and radish seedling germination, but had negligible allelopathic effects on growth of barnyardgrass, whilst the emergence and growth of natural weeds was stimulated”
Claim · model-written summary
Root exudates of Koshihikari rice seedlings at 32 °C reduced the number of total weeds by about 60.0%.
Verbatim
e3“In contrast, the root exudates of Koshihikari rice seedlings (K32) at 32 °C reduced the number of total weeds by ≈60.0% and the total dry weight of weeds by 93.0%; i.e., to a greater extent than other root exudates”
Claim · model-written summary
Root exudates of Koshihikari rice seedlings at 32 °C reduced the total dry weight of weeds by 93.0%.
Verbatim
e3“In contrast, the root exudates of Koshihikari rice seedlings (K32) at 32 °C reduced the number of total weeds by ≈60.0% and the total dry weight of weeds by 93.0%; i.e., to a greater extent than other root exudates”
Claim · model-written summary
Five phenolic acids at the stated concentrations might be involved in the allelopathic inhibition of barnyardgrass and natural weeds by K32.
- Taxon
- Koshihikari rice seedlingse3
- Interactor
- barnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallie4weed
- Second interactor
- natural weedse4weed
- Compound
- p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, syringic, sinapic and benzoic acidse4
- Outcome
- growth of barnyardgrass and natural weedse4
- Qualifier
- at concentrations of 0.360, 0.045, 3.052, 1.309 and 5.543 μg/mLe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“In contrast, the root exudates of Koshihikari rice seedlings (K32) at 32 °C reduced the number of total weeds by ≈60.0% and the total dry weight of weeds by 93.0%; i.e., to a greater extent than other root exudates”
e4“Among the 13 identified phenolic acids, p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, syringic, sinapic and benzoic acids—at concentrations of 0.360, 0.045, 3.052, 1.309 and 5.543 μg/mL might be involved in allelopathic responses of K32, inhibiting the growth of barnyardgrass and natural weeds”
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.