Abstract
Hull extracts from 91 cultivated rice cultivars ( Oryza sativa L.) were used to determine their allelopathic potential on seed germination and seedling growth of barnyardgrass ( Echinochloa crusgalli P. Beauv. var. oryzicola Ohwi). The allelopathic effects of various concentrations of hot and warm water hull extracts from selected cultivars were also investigated. In the initial screening the ‘SR31’ extract inhibited germination 59%. The length and dry weight of roots were more affected by hull extract than the shoots. The greatest total seedling length and dry weight inhibition was from the ‘Janganbyeo’ warm extracts and was 75 and 96%, respectively. Rice cultivars demonstrating significant allelopathic potential were compared using varying concentrations with a hot or warm extraction procedure. The two extraction procedures displayed different ultra violet (UV) absorption, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and osmotic potential. Warm extracts exhibited a lower percentage absorbance in the UV range, higher percentage absorbance in the visible range, higher EC (S m −1 ) and osmotic potential (kPa), and showed lower pH than those of hot extracts. As concentration increased, the warm extracts had a greater inhibitory effect on barnyardgrass germination, seedling growth, weight, and caloric content than the hot extracts. The greatest inhibition occurred when the highest concentration (8 g L −1 ) warm water extract was applied. These results suggest that rice hull extracts may be a source of natural herbicide, and warm water may extract more allelochemicals than hot water. There may be genetic differences among rice cultivars for allelopathic potential on barnyardgrass. The breeding of rice cultivars with greater allelopathic potential may be possible.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
The SR31 rice hull extract inhibited barnyardgrass germination by 59%.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- ‘SR31’e0
- Treatment
- ‘SR31’ extracte0
- Interactor
- Barnyardgrass
Echinochloa crus-gallit0weed - Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 59%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the initial screening the ‘SR31’ extract inhibited germination 59%”
t0“Rice Hulls on Germination and Seedling Growth of Barnyardgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice hull extract affected barnyardgrass root length and dry weight more than shoots.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- hull extracte0
- Interactor
- BarnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallit0weed
- Outcome
- length and dry weight of rootse0
- Direction
- more affectede0
- Comparator
- shootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The length and dry weight of roots were more affected by hull extract than the shoots”
t0“Rice Hulls on Germination and Seedling Growth of Barnyardgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Janganbyeo warm extract inhibited total barnyardgrass seedling length by 75%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- ‘Janganbyeo’e0
- Treatment
- ‘Janganbyeo’ warm extractse0
- Interactor
- BarnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallit0weed
- Outcome
- total seedling lengthe0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 75e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest total seedling length and dry weight inhibition was from the ‘Janganbyeo’ warm extracts and was 75 and 96%, respectively”
t0“Rice Hulls on Germination and Seedling Growth of Barnyardgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Janganbyeo warm extract inhibited total barnyardgrass seedling dry weight by 96%.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- ‘Janganbyeo’e0
- Treatment
- ‘Janganbyeo’ warm extractse0
- Interactor
- BarnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallit0weed
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 96%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest total seedling length and dry weight inhibition was from the ‘Janganbyeo’ warm extracts and was 75 and 96%, respectively”
t0“Rice Hulls on Germination and Seedling Growth of Barnyardgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Warm extracts had lower UV absorbance than hot extracts.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Warm extractse0
- Outcome
- percentage absorbance in the UV rangee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- hot extractse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Warm extracts exhibited a lower percentage absorbance in the UV range”
e1“than those of hot extracts”
t0“Rice Hulls”
Claim · model-written summary
Warm extracts had higher visible-range absorbance than hot extracts.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Warm extractse1
- Outcome
- percentage absorbance in the visible rangee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- hot extractse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher percentage absorbance in the visible range”
e1“Warm extracts exhibited a lower percentage absorbance in the UV range”
e2“than those of hot extracts”
t0“Rice Hulls”
Claim · model-written summary
Warm extracts had higher electrical conductivity and osmotic potential than hot extracts.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Warm extractse0
- Outcome
- EC (S m −1 ) and osmotic potential (kPa)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- hot extractse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Warm extracts exhibited a lower percentage absorbance in the UV range, higher percentage absorbance in the visible range, higher EC (S m −1 ) and osmotic potential (kPa), and showed lower pH than those of hot extracts”
t0“Rice Hulls”
Claim · model-written summary
Warm extracts had lower pH than hot extracts.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Warm extracts exhibited a lower percentage absorbance in the UV range, higher percentage absorbance in the visible range, higher EC (S m −1 ) and osmotic potential (kPa), and showed lower pH than those of hot extracts”
t0“Rice Hulls”
Claim · model-written summary
With increasing concentration, warm extracts suppressed barnyardgrass germination, seedling growth and weight more than hot extracts.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- warm extractse0
- Interactor
- barnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallie0weed
- Outcome
- barnyardgrass germination, seedling growth, weighte0
- Direction
- greater inhibitory effecte0
- Comparator
- hot extractse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As concentration increased, the warm extracts had a greater inhibitory effect on barnyardgrass germination, seedling growth, weight, and caloric content than the hot extracts”
t0“Rice Hulls”
Claim · model-written summary
With increasing concentration, warm extracts suppressed barnyardgrass caloric content more than hot extracts.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- warm extractse0
- Interactor
- barnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallie0weed
- Outcome
- caloric contente0
- Direction
- greater inhibitory effecte0
- Comparator
- hot extractse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As concentration increased, the warm extracts had a greater inhibitory effect on barnyardgrass germination, seedling growth, weight, and caloric content than the hot extracts”
t0“Rice Hulls”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest concentration of warm water rice hull extract produced the greatest inhibition.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 8 g L −1 ) warm water extracte0
- Interactor
- BarnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallit0weed
- Outcome
- inhibitione0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest inhibition occurred when the highest concentration (8 g L −1 ) warm water extract was applied”
t0“Rice Hulls on Germination and Seedling Growth of Barnyardgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose rice hull extracts as a natural herbicide source.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- source of natural herbicidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice hull extracts may be a source of natural herbicide”
t0“Rice Hulls”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest warm water may extract more allelochemicals than hot water.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- warm watere0
- Outcome
- allelochemicalse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- hot watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“warm water may extract more allelochemicals than hot water”
t0“Rice Hulls”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest rice cultivars may differ genetically in allelopathic potential against barnyardgrass.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- rice cultivarse0
- Interactor
- barnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallie0weed
- Outcome
- genetic differencese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There may be genetic differences among rice cultivars for allelopathic potential on barnyardgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest breeding rice cultivars for greater allelopathic potential may be possible.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- breeding of rice cultivars with greater allelopathic potentiale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The breeding of rice cultivars with greater allelopathic potential may be possible”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · Echinochloa crus-galli · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
24 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
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