Abstract
The advancement of biological weed control is limited by the slow development of effective, broader-spectrum biological control agents. Protoplast fusion was carried out between the Helminthosporium gramineum subsp. echinochloae (HGE) strain, HM1, and Curvularia lunata (CL) to breed new strains with improved biocontrol efficiency. The HM1 strain was derived from HGE by ultraviolet (UV) treatment. Conditions for protoplast fusion were optimized, including lytic enzyme mixtures and incubation time. The efficacy of lytic enzyme mixtures on cell wall digestion was also compared. The most effective lytic enzyme mixture for CL was 2% lywallzyme plus 2% snailase and for HM1, 2% cellulase plus 2% snailase. The optimum incubation time was 16 h for CL and 24 h for HM1. All fusant strains exhibited similar morphological and conidial properties to the HM1 parent. A total of 1,360 fusant strains were produced, 136 of which were randomly selected for characterization. Seven fusant strains showed improved spore productivity and four fusant strains had increased production of the phytotoxin ophiobolin A, compared with HM1. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of the fusant strains showed that the seven phytoactive fusant strains had a high similarity index (95 to 99%) to the parent HM1, but low similarity (22 to 26%) to the parent CL. Ethyl acetate extract of the culture broth and mycelia effectively controlled major weeds in rice production.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
The CL cell wall mixture was most effective.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Interactor
- CLe0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- most effective lytic enzyme mixturee0
- Value
- 2% lywallzyme plus 2% snailasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most effective lytic enzyme mixture for CL was 2% lywallzyme plus 2% snailase and for HM1, 2% cellulase plus 2% snailase.”
t0“Rice Weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The HM1 cell wall mixture was most effective.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- HM1e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- most effective lytic enzyme mixturee0
- Value
- 2% cellulase plus 2% snailasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most effective lytic enzyme mixture for CL was 2% lywallzyme plus 2% snailase and for HM1, 2% cellulase plus 2% snailase.”
t0“Rice Weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimal CL incubation time was 16 h.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- CLe0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- optimum incubation timee0
- Value
- 16 he0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The optimum incubation time was 16 h for CL and 24 h for HM1.”
t0“Rice Weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimal HM1 incubation time was 24 h.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- HM1e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- optimum incubation timee0
- Value
- 24 he0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The optimum incubation time was 16 h for CL and 24 h for HM1.”
t0“Rice Weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
All fusants resembled HM1 in morphology and conidia.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- fusant strainse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- similar morphological and conidial propertiese0
- Comparator
- HM1 parente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All fusant strains exhibited similar morphological and conidial properties to the HM1 parent.”
t0“Rice Weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven fusants improved spore productivity over HM1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- fusant strainse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- fusant strains showed improved spore productivitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- Sevene0
- Comparator
- HM1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seven fusant strains showed improved spore productivity and four fusant strains had increased production of the phytotoxin ophiobolin A, compared with HM1.”
t0“Rice Weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Four fusants increased ophiobolin A production over HM1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- fusant strainse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- fusant strains had increased production of the phytotoxin ophiobolin Ae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- foure0
- Comparator
- HM1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seven fusant strains showed improved spore productivity and four fusant strains had increased production of the phytotoxin ophiobolin A, compared with HM1.”
t0“Rice Weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven phytoactive fusants had 95 to 99% similarity to HM1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- fusant strainse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- similarity indexe0
- Direction
- highe0
- Value
- 95 to 99%e0
- Comparator
- parent HM1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the seven phytoactive fusant strains had a high similarity index (95 to 99%) to the parent HM1, but low similarity (22 to 26%) to the parent CL.”
t0“Rice Weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven phytoactive fusants had 22 to 26% similarity to CL.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- fusant strainse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- similaritye0
- Direction
- lowe0
- Value
- 22 to 26%e0
- Comparator
- parent CLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the seven phytoactive fusant strains had a high similarity index (95 to 99%) to the parent HM1, but low similarity (22 to 26%) to the parent CL.”
t0“Rice Weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Culture broth and mycelial extracts controlled major rice weeds.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Ethyl acetate extract of the culture broth and myceliae0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- major weedse0
- Direction
- controllede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethyl acetate extract of the culture broth and mycelia effectively controlled major weeds in rice production.”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · weed · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
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- negative
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See all 27 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.