Abstract
Effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) (0, 500, 1 000 and 2 000 mg/L) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (0 and 100 M) as nitric oxide (NO) donor, on wheat seed germination and seedling growth were investigated under cadmium (Cd) stress (0, 50 and 100 mM CdCl2). Concentration-dependent declining trends were observed in wheat germination indices upon seed exposure to CdCl2 suspensions which were more obvious under higher Cd stress. Exogenous sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) positively affected most germination indices under normal and stress conditions. In most cases, combined application of TiO2 NPs and SNP suspensions boosted stimulatory function of both compounds and moderated adverse effects of Cd treatments on wheat seed germination and seedling growth. 2 000 mg/L TiO2 + SNP (100 M) treatment recorded the best results regarding most germination indices under lower and higher (50 and 100 mM CdCl2) Cd stress. Overall, it could be concluded that application of TiO2 NPs in combination with SNP might be a promising approach in counteracting the adverse effects of Cd stress on wheat seed germination and early growth.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat germination indices declined with increasing CdCl2 exposure, especially at higher stress.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- CdCl2 suspensionse0
- Outcome
- germination indicese0
- Direction
- declininge0
- Qualifier
- more obvious under higher Cd stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentration-dependent declining trends were observed in wheat germination indices upon seed exposure to CdCl2 suspensions which were more obvious under higher Cd stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP improved most wheat germination indices under normal and cadmium stress conditions.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sodium nitroprusside (SNP)e0
- Outcome
- most germination indicese0
- Direction
- positively affectede0
- Qualifier
- under normal and stress conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“Exogenous sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) positively affected most germination indices under normal and stress conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
TiO2 nanoparticles improved most wheat germination indices under normal and stress conditions.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs)e0
- Outcome
- most germination indicese0
- Direction
- positively affectede0
- Qualifier
- under normal and stress conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“Exogenous sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) positively affected most germination indices under normal and stress conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined TiO2 nanoparticles and SNP enhanced stimulation and moderated cadmium effects on wheat germination and growth.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- combined application of TiO2 NPs and SNP suspensionse0
- Outcome
- wheat seed germination and seedling growthe0
- Direction
- moderatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined application of TiO2 NPs and SNP suspensions boosted stimulatory function of both compounds and moderated adverse effects of Cd treatments on wheat seed germination and seedling growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
The 2 000 mg/L TiO2 plus 100 M SNP treatment gave the best germination indices at both cadmium levels.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2 000 mg/L TiO2 + SNP (100 M) treatmente0
- Outcome
- most germination indicese0
- Direction
- beste0
- Qualifier
- 50 and 100 mM CdCl2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“2 000 mg/L TiO2 + SNP (100 M) treatment recorded the best results regarding most germination indices under lower and higher (50 and 100 mM CdCl2) Cd stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest TiO2 nanoparticles with SNP to counter cadmium effects on wheat germination and early growth.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- application of TiO2 NPs in combination with SNPe0
- Qualifier
- might be a promising approach in counteracting the adverse effects of Cd stress on wheat seed germination and early growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of TiO2 NPs in combination with SNP might be a promising approach in counteracting the adverse effects of Cd stress on wheat seed germination and early growth”
The same questions in other papers
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145 papers in the same direction as this paper · 20 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
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See all 168 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.