Abstract
One of the major challenges in the application of biological control agents into the soil is their inability to withstand competition from natural microflora. In this study a management programme involving fungal biological control agents Trichoderma harzianum (TH) and Purpureocillium lilacinium (PL), and the organic amendment neem was carried out for the control of Meloidogyne javanica and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL). The experiment was carried out in sterile and non-sterile soil in order to test the efficacy of biological control in natural soil conditions. This experiment was repeated twice. A Wilcoxon's Signed-Rank test indicated there were no significant (P < 0.05) differences in fusarium wilt control in sterile and non sterile soils in the treatments PL neem and TH neem, but there was significantly (P < 0.05) higher control of M. javanica in the same treatments in sterile soils compared to non sterile soils. The combinations of fungal antagonists and neem were effective in non sterile as in sterile soils in the control of fusarium wilt, while being less effective in the control of M. javanica. Thus the biological control agents can be very effective in the control of fusarium wilt in natural conditions where the soil is not sterilised, but be less effective in the control of M. javanica in the same conditions. There is therefore potential of integrated management of fusarium wilt and root-knot nematodes (RKN) by these biological control agents in natural soil field conditions as an alternative to using chemicals.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
PL neem gave no significant difference in Fusarium wilt control between sterile and non-sterile soil.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- PL neeme2
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersicie1pathogen - Second interactor
- Purpureocillium lilaciniume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- fusarium wilt controle2
- Direction
- no significant (P < 0.05) differencese2
- Comparator
- non sterile soilse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato crop”
e0“fungal biological control agents Trichoderma harzianum (TH) and Purpureocillium lilacinium (PL)”
e1“control of Meloidogyne javanica and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL)”
e2“A Wilcoxon's Signed-Rank test indicated there were no significant (P < 0.05) differences in fusarium wilt control in sterile and non sterile soils in the treatments PL neem and TH neem”
Claim · model-written summary
TH neem gave no significant difference in Fusarium wilt control between sterile and non-sterile soil.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- TH neeme2
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersiciFusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersicie1pathogen
- Second interactor
- Trichoderma harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- fusarium wilt controle2
- Direction
- no significant (P < 0.05) differencese2
- Comparator
- non sterile soilse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato crop”
e0“fungal biological control agents Trichoderma harzianum (TH) and Purpureocillium lilacinium (PL)”
e1“control of Meloidogyne javanica and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL)”
e2“A Wilcoxon's Signed-Rank test indicated there were no significant (P < 0.05) differences in fusarium wilt control in sterile and non sterile soils in the treatments PL neem and TH neem”
Claim · model-written summary
PL neem gave significantly higher control of M. javanica in sterile than in non-sterile soil.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- PL neeme2
- Interactor
- M. javanicaMeloidogyne javanicae3pest
- Second interactor
- Purpureocillium lilaciniume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- control of M. javanicae3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- non sterile soilse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato crop”
e0“fungal biological control agents Trichoderma harzianum (TH) and Purpureocillium lilacinium (PL)”
e2“A Wilcoxon's Signed-Rank test indicated there were no significant (P < 0.05) differences in fusarium wilt control in sterile and non sterile soils in the treatments PL neem and TH neem”
e3“there was significantly (P < 0.05) higher control of M. javanica in the same treatments in sterile soils compared to non sterile soils”
Claim · model-written summary
TH neem gave significantly higher control of M. javanica in sterile than in non-sterile soil.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- TH neeme2
- Interactor
- M. javanicaMeloidogyne javanicae3pest
- Second interactor
- Trichoderma harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- control of M. javanicae3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- non sterile soilse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato crop”
e0“fungal biological control agents Trichoderma harzianum (TH) and Purpureocillium lilacinium (PL)”
e2“A Wilcoxon's Signed-Rank test indicated there were no significant (P < 0.05) differences in fusarium wilt control in sterile and non sterile soils in the treatments PL neem and TH neem”
e3“there was significantly (P < 0.05) higher control of M. javanica in the same treatments in sterile soils compared to non sterile soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Combinations of fungal antagonists and neem were less effective against M. javanica than against Fusarium wilt.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combinations of fungal antagonists and neeme4
- Interactor
- M. javanicaMeloidogyne javanicae4pest
- Outcome
- control of M. javanicae4
- Direction
- less effectivee4
- Comparator
- control of fusarium wilte4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato crop”
e4“The combinations of fungal antagonists and neem were effective in non sterile as in sterile soils in the control of fusarium wilt, while being less effective in the control of M. javanica”
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- positive
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34 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
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See all 36 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.