Abstract
One of the major challenges in the application of biological control agents into the soil is their inability to withstand competition from natural microflora. In this study a management programme involving fungal biological control agents Trichoderma harzianum (TH) and Purpureocillium lilacinium (PL), and the organic amendment neem was carried out for the control of Meloidogyne javanica and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL). The experiment was carried out in sterile and non-sterile soil in order to test the efficacy of biological control in natural soil conditions. This experiment was repeated twice. A Wilcoxon's Signed-Rank test indicated there were no significant (P < 0.05) differences in fusarium wilt control in sterile and non sterile soils in the treatments PL neem and TH neem, but there was significantly (P < 0.05) higher control of M. javanica in the same treatments in sterile soils compared to non sterile soils. The combinations of fungal antagonists and neem were effective in non sterile as in sterile soils in the control of fusarium wilt, while being less effective in the control of M. javanica. Thus the biological control agents can be very effective in the control of fusarium wilt in natural conditions where the soil is not sterilised, but be less effective in the control of M. javanica in the same conditions. There is therefore potential of integrated management of fusarium wilt and root-knot nematodes (RKN) by these biological control agents in natural soil field conditions as an alternative to using chemicals.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
PL and neem showed no significant difference in Fusarium wilt control between sterile and non-sterile soil.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- PL neeme0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersicit0pathogen - Second interactor
- Purpureocillium lilaciniume1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- fusarium wilt controle0
- Direction
- no significante0
- Comparator
- sterile and non sterile soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Schema note from the model: Abbreviated treatment and full organism name span different evidence.
Verbatim
e0“no significant (P < 0.05) differences in fusarium wilt control in sterile and non sterile soils in the treatments PL neem and TH neem”
e1“Purpureocillium lilacinium (PL)”
t0“Effect of soil sterilisation on biological control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and Meloidogyne javanica by antagonistic fungi and organic amendment in tomato crop”
Claim · model-written summary
TH and neem showed no significant difference in Fusarium wilt control between sterile and non-sterile soil.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- TH neeme0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersiciFusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersicit0pathogen
- Outcome
- fusarium wilt controle0
- Direction
- no significante0
- Comparator
- sterile and non sterile soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no significant (P < 0.05) differences in fusarium wilt control in sterile and non sterile soils in the treatments PL neem and TH neem”
t0“Effect of soil sterilisation on biological control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and Meloidogyne javanica by antagonistic fungi and organic amendment in tomato crop”
Claim · model-written summary
PL and neem gave significantly higher M. javanica control in sterile than non-sterile soil.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- PL neeme1
- Interactor
- M. javanicaMeloidogyne javanicae0pathogen
- Outcome
- control of M. javanicae0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- non sterile soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly (P < 0.05) higher control of M. javanica in the same treatments in sterile soils compared to non sterile soils”
e1“treatments PL neem and TH neem”
t0“tomato crop”
Claim · model-written summary
TH and neem gave significantly higher M. javanica control in sterile than non-sterile soil.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- TH neeme1
- Interactor
- M. javanicaMeloidogyne javanicae0pathogen
- Outcome
- control of M. javanicae0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- non sterile soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly (P < 0.05) higher control of M. javanica in the same treatments in sterile soils compared to non sterile soils”
e1“treatments PL neem and TH neem”
t0“tomato crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal antagonists combined with neem controlled Fusarium wilt as effectively in non-sterile as sterile soil.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combinations of fungal antagonists and neeme0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersiciFusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersicit0pathogen
- Outcome
- control of fusarium wilte0
- Direction
- effectivee0
- Comparator
- sterile soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Schema note from the model: Combined antagonists cannot fit two interactor slots.
Verbatim
e0“The combinations of fungal antagonists and neem were effective in non sterile as in sterile soils in the control of fusarium wilt”
t0“Effect of soil sterilisation on biological control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and Meloidogyne javanica by antagonistic fungi and organic amendment in tomato crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal antagonists combined with neem were less effective against M. javanica in non-sterile soil.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combinations of fungal antagonists and neeme1
- Interactor
- M. javanicaMeloidogyne javanicae0pathogen
- Outcome
- control of M. javanicae0
- Direction
- less effectivee0
- Comparator
- sterile soilse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while being less effective in the control of M. javanica”
e1“The combinations of fungal antagonists and neem were effective in non sterile as in sterile soils”
t0“tomato crop”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 36 papers →biocontrol · Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.